u 


MANUAL 

OF 

INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY 


1914 

CORRECTED  TO  APRIL  15,  1917 

(CHANGES,  NO.  1) 


Southern  Branch 
of  the 

University  of  California 

Los  Angeles 


Form  L  1 


v/ 


This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  t 

l  9  192*    ; 


War  Department 


Office  of  the  Adjutant  General 


Manual  of 

Interior  Guard  Duty::.: 


U.  S.  ARMY 

v 


1914  :.".. 

•  •  •  • 

CORRECTED  TO  APRIL  15,  1917.,.: 

(Changes,  No.  1) 


46760 


WASHINGTON 

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1917 


,».  War  Department. 

*  •  *  Document  JVo.  466. 

/-*  Office  of  The  Adjutant  General. 


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X 


War  Department, 
Office  of  the  Chief  of  Staff, 

Washington,  May  21, 1914. 
The  following  Manual  of  Interior  Guard  Duty  is  approved 
and  herewith  published  for  the  information  and  govern- 
ment of  the  Regular  Army  and  the  Organized  Militia  of  the 
United  States. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War: 

W.  W.  WOTHERSPOON, 

Major  General,  Chief  of  Staff. 
3 


CONTENTS. 

Paragraph. 

Introduction 1-5 

Classification  of  interior  guards 6 

Details  and  rosters 7  -25 

Commanding  officer 27-28 

The  officer  of  the  day 29-40 

The  commander  of  the  guard 41-79 

The  sergeant  of  the  guard 80-103 

The  corpora*  of  the  guard 104-137 

Musicians  of  the  guard 138-139 

Orderlies  and  color  sentinels 140-153 

Privates  of  the  guard 154-208 

Countersigns  and  paroles 209-217 

Guard  patrols 218-220 

Watchmen 221 

Compliments  from  guards 222-237 

Prisoners 238-298 

Guarding  prisoners 299-307 

Stable  guards 30S-336 

Flags 337-345 

Reveille  and  retreat  gun 346 

Guard  mounting 347-359 

Relieving  the  old  guard 360-367 

5 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 


INTRODUCTION. 

1.  Guards  may  be  divided  into  four  classes:  Exterior 
guards,  interior  guards,  military  police,  and  provost  guards. 

2.  Exterior  guards  are  used  only  in  time  of  war.  They 
belong  to  the  domain  of  tactics  and  are  treated  of  in  the 
Field  Service  Regulations  and  in  the  drill  regulations  of 
the  different  arms  of  the  service. 

The  purpose  of  exterior  guards  is  to  prevent  surprise,  to 
delay  attack,  and  otherwise  to  provide  for  the  security  of 
the  main  body. 

On  the  march  they  take  the  form  of  advance  guards,  rear 
guards,  and  flank  guards.  At  a  halt  they  consist  of  out- 
posts. 

3.  Interior  guards  are  used  in  camp  or  garrison  to  pre- 
serve order,  protect  property,  and  to  enforce  police  regu- 
lations. In  time  of  war  such  sentinels  of  an  interior  guard 
as  may  be  necessary  are  placed  close  in  or  about  a  camp, 
and  normally  there  is  an  exterior  guard  further  out  con- 
sisting of  outposts.  In  time  of  peace  the  interior  guard  is 
the  only  guard  in  a  camp  or  garrison. 

4.  Military  police  differ  somewhat  from  either  of  these 
classes.  (See  Field  Service  Regulations.)  They  are  used 
in  time  oi  war  to  guard  prisoners,  to  arrest  stragglers  and 
deserters,  and  to  maintain  order  and  enforce  police  regu- 
lations in  the  rear  of  armies,  along  lines  of  communication, 
and  in  the  vicinity  of  large  camps. 


8  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

5.  Provost  guards  are  used  in  the  absence  of  military 
police,  generally  in  conjunction  with  the  civil  authorities 
at  or  near  large  posts  or  encampments,  to  preserve  order 
among  soldiers  beyond  the  interior  guard. 

INTERIOR  GUARD. 

CLASSIFICATION. 

6.  The  various  elements  of  an  interior  guard  classified 
according  to  their  particular  purposes  and  the  manner  in 
which  they  perform  their  duties  are  as  follows: 

(a)  The  main  guard. 

(b)  Special  guards:  Stable  guards,  park  guards,  prisoner 
guards,  herd  guards,  train  guards,  boat  guards,  watchmen, 
etc. 

DETAILS  AND  ROSTERS. 

7.  At  every  military  post,  and  in  every  regiment  or 
separate  command  in  the  field,  an  interior  guard  will  be 
detailed  and  oluly  mounted. 

It  will  consist  of  such  number  of  officers  and  enlisted 
men  as  the  commanding  officer  may  deem  necessary,  and 
will  be  commanded  by  the  senior  officer  or  noncommis- 
sioned officer  therewith,  under  the  supervision  of  the  officer 
of  the  day  or  other  officer  detailed  by  the  commanding 
officer. 

8.  The  system  of  sentinels  on  fixed  posts  is  of  value  in 
discipline  and  training  because  of  the  direct  individual 
responsibility  which  is  imposed  and  required  to  be  dis- 
charged in  a  definite  and  precise  manner.  In  order,  how- 
ever, that  guard  duty  may  not  be  needlessly  irksome  and 
interfere  with  tactical  instruction,  the  number  of  men 
detailed  for  guard  will  be  the  smallest  possible. 

Commanding  officers  are  specifically  charged  with  this 
matter,  and,  without  entirely  dispensing  with  the  system 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  9 

of  sentinels  on  fixed  posts  will,  as  far  as  practicable,  in 
time  of  peace,  replace  such  sentinels  with  watchmen. 
(See  Par.  221.) 

9.  At  posts  where  there  are  less  than  three  companies 
the  main  guard  and  special  guards  may  all  be  furnished 
by  one  company  or  by  detail  from  each  company. 

Where  there  are  three  or  more  companies,  the  main 
guard  will,  if  practicable,  be  furnished  by  a  single  com- 
pany, and,  as  far  as  practicable,  the  same  organization  will 
supply  all  details  for  that  day  for  special  guard,  overseer, 
and  fatigue  duty.  In  this  case  the  officer  of  the  day,  and 
the  officers  of  the  guard,  if  there  are  any,  will,  if  practicable, 
be  from  the  company  furnishing  the  guard. 

10.  At  a  post  or  camp  where  the  headquarters  of  more 
than  one  regiment  are  stationed,  or  in  the  case  of  a  small 
brigade  in  the  field,  if  but  one  guard  be  necessary  for  the 
whole  command,  the  details  will  be  made  from  the  head- 
quarters of  the  command. 

If  formal  guard  mounting  is  to  be  held,  the  adjutant, 
sergeant  major,  and  band  to  attend  guard  mounting  will 
be  designated  by  the  commanding  officer. 

11.  When  a  single  organization  furnishes  the  guard,  a 
roster  of  organizations  will  be  kept  by  the  sergeant  major 
under  the  supervision  of  the  adjutant.     (See  Appendix  B.) 

_  12.  When  the  guard  is  detailed  from  several  organiza- 
tions, rosters  will  be  kept  by  the  adjutant,  of  officers  of  the 
day  and  officers  of  the  guard  by  name;  by  the  sergeant 
major,  under  the  supervision  of  the  adjutant,  of  sergeants, 
corporals,  musicians,  and  privates  of  the  guard  by  number 
per  organization;  and  by  first  sergeants,  of  sergeants,  cor- 
porals, musicians,  and  privates  by  name.  (See  Appen- 
dix A.) 

13.  When  organizations  furnish  their  own  stable,  or 
stable  and  park  guards,  credit  will  be  given  each  for  the 


10  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

number  of  enlisted  men  so  furnished,  as  though  they  had 
been  detailed  for  main  guard. 

14.  Special  guards,  other  than  stable  or  park  guards, 
will  be  credited  the  same  as  for  main  guard,  credited  with 
fatigue  duty,  carried  on  special  duty,  or  credited  as  the 
commanding  officer  may  direct.  (Pars.  6,  221,  247,  and 
300.) 

15.  Captains  will  supervise  the  keeping  of  company 
rosters  and  see  that  all  duties  performed  are  duly  credited. 
(See  pars.  355-364,  A.  R.,  for  rules  governing  rosters,  and 
Form  342,  A.  G.  O.,  for  instructions  as  to  how  rosters  should 
be  kept.) 

16.  There  will  be  an  officer  of  the  day  with  each  guard, 
unless  in  the  opinion  of  the  commanding  officer  the  guard 
is  so  small  that  his  services  are  not  needed.  In  this  case 
an  officer  will  be  detailed  to  supervise  the  command  and 
instruction  of  the  guard  for  such  period  as  the  commanding 
officer  may  direct. 

17.  When  more  than  one  guard  is  required  for  a  com- 
mand, a  field  officer  of  the  day  will  be  detailed,  who  will 
receive  his  orders  from  the  brigade  or  division  commander 
as  the  latter  may  direct.  When  necessary,  captains  may 
be  placed  on  the  roster  for  field  officer  of  the  day. 

18.  The  detail  of  officers  of  the  guard  will  be  limited  to 
the  necessities  of  the  service  and  efficient  instruction; 
inexperienced  officers  may  be  detailed  as  supernumerary 
officers  of  the  guard  for  purposes  of  instruction. 

19.  Officers  serving  in  staff  departments  are,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  commanding  officer,  exempt  from  guard 
duty. 

20.  Guard  details  will,  if  practicable,  be  posted  or 
published  the  day  preceding  the  beginning  of  the  tour, 
and  officers  notified  personally  by  a  written  order  at  the 
same  time. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  11 

21.  The  strength  of  guards  and  the  number  of  consecu- 
tive days  for  which  an  organization  furnishes  the  guard 
will  be  so  regulated  as  to  insure  privates  of  the  main 
guard  an  interval  of  not  less  than  five  days  between  tours. 

When  this  is  not  otherwise  practicable,  extra  and  special 
duty  men  will  be  detailed  for  night-guard  duty,  still  per- 
forming their  daily  duties.  When  so  detailed  a  roster  will 
be  kept  by  the  adjutant  showing  the  duty  performed  by 
them. 

22.  The  members  of  main  guards  and  stable  and  park 
guards  will  habitually  be  relieved  every  24  hours.  The 
length  of  the  tour  of  enlisted  men  detailed  as  special 
guards,  other  than  stable  or  park  guards,  will  be  so  regu- 
lated as  to  permit  of  these  men  being  held  accountable  for 
a  strict  performance  of  their  duty. 

23.  Should  the  officer  of  the  day  be  notified  that  men  are 
required,  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  guard,  he  will  cause  them 
to  be  supplied  from  the  organization  to  which  the  guard 
belongs.  If  none  are  available  in  that  organization,  the 
adjutant  will  be  notified  and  will  cause  them  to  be  supplied 
from  tho  organization  that  is  next  for  guard.    (Par.  63.) 

24.  The  adjutant  will  have  posted  on  the  bulletin  board 
at  his  office  all  data  needed  by  company  commanders  in 
making  details  from  their  companies. 

At  first  sergeant's  call,  first  sergeants  will  go  to  head- 
quarters and  take  from  the  bulletin  board  all  data  neces- 
sary for  making  the  details  required  from  their  companies; 
these  details  will  be  made  from  their  company  rosters.  _ 

25.  In  order  to  give  ample  notice,  first  sergeants  will, 
when  practicable,  publish  at  retreat  and  post  on  the  com- 
pany bulletin  board  all  details  made  from  the  company  for 
duties  to  be  performed. 

26.  Where  rosters  are  required  to  be  kept  by  this  man- 
ual, all  details  will  be  made  by  roster. 


12  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER. 

27.  The  commanding  officer  will  exact  a  faithful,  vigi- 
lant, and  correct  performance  of  guard  duty  in  all  of  its 
details,  giving  his  orders  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  or  caus- 
ing them  to  be  communicated  to  him  with  the  least  prac- 
ticable delay.  He  will  prescribe  the  strength  of  the  guard, 
and  the  necessary  regulations  for  guard,  police,  and  fatigue 
duty. 

28.  The  commanding  officer  receives  the  reports  of  the 
officers  of  the  day  immediately  after  guard  mounting,  at 
his  office,  or  at  some  other  place  previously  designated; 
carefully  examines  the  guard  report  and  remarks  thereon 
(questioning  the  old  officer  of  the  day,  if  necessary,  con- 
cerning his  tour  of  duty),  relieves  the  old  officer  of  the  day 
and  gives  the  new  officer  of  the  day  such  instructions  as 
may  be  necessary. 

THE  OFFICER  QF  THE  DAY. 

29.  The  officer  of  the  day  is  responsible  for  the  proper 
performance  of  duty  by  the  guard  with  which  he  marches 
on  and  for  the  enforcement  of  all  police  regulations.  He  is 
charged  with  the  execution  of  all  orders  of  the  commanding 
officer  relating  to  the  safety  and  good  order  of  the  poster 
camp.  His  actual  tour  begins  when  he  receives  the  in- 
structions of  the  commanding  officer  after  guard  mounting, 
and  ceases  when  he  has  been  relieved  by  the  commanding 
officer.  In  case  of  emergency  during  the  interval  between 
guard  mounting  and  reporting  to  the  commanding^  officer, 
the  senior  officer  of  the  day  will  give  the  necessary  instruc- 
tions for  both  guards. 

30.  In  the  absence  of  special  instructions  from  the  com- 
manding officer,  the  officer  of  the  day  will  inspect  the 
guard  and  sentinels  during  the  day  and  at  night  at  such 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  13 

times  as  he  may  deem  necessary.    He  will  visit  them  at 
least  once  between  12  o'clock  midnight  and  daylight. 

31.  He  may  prescribe  patrols  (par.  218)  and  visits  of  in- 
spection to  be  made  by  officers  and  noncommissioned  offi- 
cers of  the  guard  whenever  he  deems  it  necessary. 

32.  He  will  see  that  the  commander  of  the  guard  is  fur- 
nished with  the  parole  and  countersign  before  retreat  in 
case  they  are  to  be  used,  and  will  inform  him  of  the  pres- 
ence in  post  or  camp  of  any  person  entitled  to  the  compli- 
ment. 

33.  In  case  of  alarm  of  any  kind  he  will  at  once  take 
such  steps  as  may  be  necessary  to  insure  the  safety  of  life 
and  public  property  and  to  preserve  order  in  the  command, 
disposing  his  guard  so  as  best  to  accomplish  this  result. 

34.  In  the  performance  of  his  duties  as  officer  of  the  day 
he  is  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  only, 
except  that  in  case  of  an  alarm  of  any  kind,  and  at  a  time  of 
great  danger,  the  senior  line  officer  present  is  competent 
to  give  necessary  orders  to  the  officer  of  the  day  for  the 
employment  of  the  guard. 

35.  At  the  inspections  and  musters  prescribed  in  Army 
Regulations,  the  officer  of  the  day  will  be  present  at  the 
post  of  the  guard,  but  all  commands  to  the  guard  will  be 
given  by  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

36.  Both  officers  of  the  day  together  verify  the  prisoners 
and  inspect  the  guardhouse  and  premises. 

37.  In  the  absence  of  special  instructions,  the  old 
officer  of  the  day  will,  at  guard  mounting,  release  all 
garrison  prisoners  whose  sentences  expire  that  day.  _  If 
there  are  any  prisoners  with  no  record  of  charges  against 
them,  the  old  officer  of  the  day  will  report  that  fact  to  the 
commanding  officer  who  will  give  the  necessary  instruc- 
tions. 

38.  The  old  officer  of  the  day  signs  the  report  of  the 
commander  of  the  guard.  He  also  enters  on  it  such 
remarks  as  may  be  necessary. 


14  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

39.  The  officers  of  the  day  then  report  to  the  com- 
manding officer. 

On  presenting  themselves,  both  salute  with  the  right 
hand,  remaining  covered.  The  old  officer  of  the  day, 
standing  on  the  right  of  the  new,  then  says:  "Sir,  I  report 
as  old  officer  of  the  day,"  and  presents  the  guard  report. 
As  soon  as  the  commanding  officer  notifies  the  old  officer 
of  the  day  that  he  is  relieved,  the  old  officer  of  the  day 
salutes  the  commanding  officer  and  retires.  The  new 
officer  of  the  day  again  salutes  and  says:  "Sir,  I  report  as 
new  officer  of  the  day,"  and  then  receives  his  instruc- 
tions. 

40.  The  officer  of  the  day  will  always  keep  the  guard 
informed  as  to  where  he  may  be  found  at  all  hours  of  the 
day  and  night. 

COMMANDER  OF  THE  GUARD. 

41.  The  commander  of  the  guard  is  responsible  for  the 
instruction  and  discipline  of  the  guard.  He  will  see  that 
all  of  its  members  are  correctly  instructed  in  their  orders 
and  duties,  and  that  they  understand  and  properly  per- 
form them.  He  will  visit  each  relief  at  least  once  while 
it  is  on  post,  and  at  least  one  of  these  visits  will  be  made 
between  12  o'clock  midnight  and  daylight. 

42.  He  receives  and  obeys  the  orders  of  the  command- 
ing officer  and  the  officer  of  the  day,  and  reports  to  the 
latter  without  delay  all  orders  to  the  guard  not  received 
from  the  officer  of  the  day;  he  transmits  to  his  successor 
all  material  instructions  and  information  relating  to  his 
duties. 

43.  He  is  responsible  under  the  officer  of  the  day  for 
the  general  safety  of  the  post  or  camp  as  soon  as  the  old 
guard  marches  away  from  the  guardhouse.  In  case  of 
emergency  while  both  guards  are    at   the   guardhouse, 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  15 

the  senior  commander  of  the  two  guards  will  be  responsi- 
ble that  the  proper  action  is  taken. 

44.  Officers  of  the  guard  will  remain  constantly  with 
their  guards,  except  while  visiting  patrols  or  necessarily 
engaged  elsewhere  in  the  performance  of  their  duties. 
The  commanding  officer  will  allow  a  reasonable  time  for 
meals. 

45.  A  commander  of  a  guard  leaving  his  post  for  any 
purpose  will  inform  the  next  in  command  of  his  destination 
and  probable  time  of  return. 

46.  Except  in  emergencies,  the  commander  of  the 
guard  may  divide  the  night  with  the  next  in  command, 
but  retains  his  responsibility;  the  one  on  watch  must  be 
constantly  on  the  alert. 

47.  When  any  alarm  is  raised  in  camp  or  garrison,  the 
guard  will  be  formed- immediately.  (Par.  234.)  If  the 
case  be  serious,  the  proper  call  will  be  sounded,  and  the 
commander  of  the  guard  will  cause  the  commanding 
officer  and  the  officer  of  the  day  to  be  at  once  notified. 

48.  If  a  sentinel  calls:  "The  Guard,"  the  commander 
of  the  guard  will  at  once  send  a  patrol  to  the  sentinel's 
post.  If  the  danger  be  great,  in  which  case  the  sentinel 
will  discharge  his  piece,  the  patrol  will  be  as  strong  as 
possible. 

49.  When  practicable,  there  should  always  be  an 
officer  or  noncommissioned  officer  and  two  privates  of  the 
guard  at  the  guardhouse,  in  addition  to  the  sentinels 
there  on  post. 

50.  Between  reveille  and  retreat,  when  the  guard  had 
been  turned  out  for  any  person  entitled  to  the  compliment 
(see  pars.  222  and  224),  the  commander  of  the  guard,  if  an 
officer,  will  receive  the  report  of  the  sergeant,  returning 
the  salute  of  the  latter  with  the  right  hand.  He  will  then 
draw  his  saber,  and  place  himself  two  paces  in  front  of  the 
center  of  the  guard.     When  the  person  for  whom  the  guard 


16  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

has  been  turned  out  approaches,  he  faces  his  guard  and 
commands:  1.  Present,  2.  ARMS;  faces  to  the  front  and 
salutes.  When  his  salute  is  acknowledged  he  resumes  the 
carry,  faces  about,  and  commands:  1.  Order,  2.  ARMS; 
and  faces  to  the  front. 

If  it  be  an  officer  entitled  to  inspect  the  guard,  after 
saluting  and  before  bringing  his  guard  to  an  order,  the 
officer  of  the  guard  reports:  "Sir,  all  present  or  ac- 
counted for";  or,  "Sir,  (so  and  so)  is  absent";  or, 
if  the  roll  call  has  been  omitted:  "Sir,  the  guard  is 
formed,"  except  that  at  guard  mounting  the  commanders 
of  the  guards  present  their  guards  and  salute  without  mak- 
ing any  report. 

Between  retreat  and  reveille,  the  commander  of  the 
guard  salutes  and  reports,  but  does  not  bring  the  guard  to 
a  present. 

51.  To  those^  entitled  to  have  the  guard  turned  out  but 
not  entitled  to  inspect  it,  no  report  will  be  made;  nor  will 
a  report  be  made  to  any  officer,  unless  he  halts  in  front  of 
the  guard. 

52.  When  a  guard  commanded  by  a  noncommissioned 
officer  is  turned  out  as  a  compliment  or  for  inspection,  the 
noncommissioned  officer,  standing  at  a  right  shoulder  on 
the  right  of  the  right  guide,  commands:  1.  Present, 
2.  ARMS.  He  then  executes  the  rifle  salute.  If  a  report 
be  also  required,  he  will,  after  saluting,  and  before  bringing 
his  guard  to  an  order,  report  as  prescribed  for  the  officer  of 
the  guard.     (Par.  50.) 

53.  When  a  guard  is  in  line,  not  under  inspection,  and 
commanded  by  an  officer,  the  commander  of  the  guard 
salutes  his  regimental,  battalion,  and  company  com- 
mander, by  bringing  the  guard  to  attention  and  saluting 
in  person. 

For  all  other  officers,  excepting  those  entitled  to  the 
compliment  from  a  guard  (par.  224),  the  commander  of  the 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  17 

guard  salutes  in  person  but  does  not  bring  the  guard  to 
attention. 

"When  commanded  by  a  noncommissioned  officer  the 
guard  is  brought  to  attention  in  either  case,  and  the  non- 
commissioned officer  salutes. 

The  commander  of  a  guard  exchanges  salutes  with  the 
commanders  of  all  other  bodies  of  troops;  the  guard  is 
brought  to  attention  during  the  exchange. 

"Present  arms''  is  executed  by  a  guard  only  when  it 
has  turned  out  for  inspection  or  as  a  compliment,  and  at 
the  ceremonies  of  guard  mounting  and  relieving  the  old 
guard. 

54.  In  marching  a  guard  or  a  detachment  of  a  guard  the 
principles  of  paragraph  53  apply.  "Eyes  right"  is  exe- 
cuted ^  only  in  the  ceremonies  of  guard  mounting  and 
relieving  the  old  guard. 

55.  If  a  person  entitled  to  the  compliment,  or  the  regi- 
mental, battalion,  or  company  commander,  passes  in  rear 
of  a  guard,  neither  the  compliment  nor  the  salute  is  given, 
but  the  guard  is  brought  to  attention  while  such  person  is 
opposite  the  post  of  the  commander. 

After  any  person  has  received  or  declined  the  compli- 
ment, or  received  the  salute  from  the  commander  of  the 
guard,  official  recognition  of  his  presence  thereafter  while 
he  remains  in  the  vicinity  will  be  taken  by  bringing  the 
guard  to  attention. 

56.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  inspect  the  guard 
at  reveille  and  retreat,  and  at  such  other  times  as  may  be 
necessary,  to  assure  himself  that  the  men  are  in  proper 
condition  to  perform  their  duties  and  that  their  arms  and 
equipments  are  in  proper  condition.  For  inspection  by 
other  officers,  he  prepares  the  guard  in  each  case  as  directed 
by  the  inspecting  officer. 

93592°— 17 2 


18  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

57.  The  guard  will  not  be  paraded  during  ceremonies 
unless  directed  by  the  commanding  officer. 

58.  At  all  formations  members  of  the  guard  or  reliefs  will 
execute  inspection  arms  as  prescribed  in  the  drill  regula- 
tions of  their  arm. 

59.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  see  that  all  senti- 
nels are  habitually  relieved  every  two  hours,  unless  the 
weather  or  other  cause  makes  it  necessary  that  it  be  done 
at  shorter  or  longer  intervals,  as  directed  by  the  command- 
ing officer. 

60.  He  will  question  his  noncommissioned  officers  and 
sentinels  relative  to  the  instructions  they  may  have  re- 
ceived from  the  old  guard;  he  will  see  that  patrols  and 
visits  of  inspection  are  made  as  directed  by  the  officer  of 
the  day. 

61.  He  will  see  that  the  special  orders  for  each  post  and 
member  of  the  guard,  either  written  or  printed,  are  posted 
in  the  guardhouse,  and,  if-  practicable,  in  the  sentry  box 
or  other  sheltered  place  to  which  the  member  of  the  guard 
has  constant  access. 

62.  He  will  see  that  the  proper  calls  are  sounded  at  the 
hours  appointed  by  the  commanding  officer. 

63.  Should  a  member  of  the  guard  be  taken  sick,  or  be 
arrested,  or  desert,  or  leave  his  guard,  he  will  at  once 
notify  the  officer  of  the  day.     (Par.  23;) 

64.  He  will,  when  the  countersign  is  used  (pars.  210  to 
216),  communicate  it  to  the  noncommissioned  officers  of 
the  guard  and  see  that  it  is  duly  communicated  to  the 
sentinels  before  the  hour  for  challenging;  the  countersign 
will  not  be  given  to  sentinels  posted  at  the  guardhouse. 

65.  He  will  have  the  details  for  hoisting  the  flag  at 
reveille,  and  lowering  it  at  retreat,  and  for  firing  the 
reveille  and  retreat  gun,  made  in  time  for  the  proper  per- 
formance of  these  duties.  (See  pars.  338,  344,  345,  and 
346.)    He  will  see  that  the  flags  are  kept  in  the  best  con- 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  19 

dition  possible,  and  that  they  are  never  handled  except  in 
the  proper  performance  of  duty. 

66.  He  may  permit  members  of  the  guard  while  at  the 
guardhouse  to  remove  their  headdress,  overcoats,  and 
gloves;  if  they  leave  the  guardhouse  for  any  purpose  what- 
ever he  will  require  that  they  be  properly  equipped  and 
armed  according  to  the  character  of  tne  service  in  which 
engaged,  or  as  directed  by  the  commanding  officer. 

67.  He  will  enter  in  the  guard  report  a  report  of  his  tour 
of  duty,  and,  on  the  completion  of  his  tour,  will  present  it  to 
the  officer  of  the  day.  He  will  transmit  with  his  report  all 
passes  turned  in  at  the  post  of  the  guard. 

68.  Whenever  a  prisoner  is  sent  to  the  guardhouse 
or  guard  tent  for  confinement,  he  will  cause  him  to  be 
searched,  and  will,  without  unnecessary  delay,  report  the 
case  to  the  officer  of  the  day. 

69.  Under  war  conditions,  if  any  one  is  to  be  passed  out 
of  camp  at  night,  he  will  be  sent  to  the  commander  of  the 
guard,  who  will  have  him  passed  beyond  the  sentinels. 

70.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  detain  at  the 
guardhouse  all  suspicious  characters  or  parties  attempting 
to  pass  a  sentinel's  post  without  authority,  reporting  his 
action  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  to  whom  persons  so  arrested 
will  be  sent,  if  necessary. 

71.  He  will  inspect  the  guard  rooms  and  cells,  and  the 
irons  of  such  prisoners  as  may  be  ironed,  at  least  once  dur- 
ing bis  tour,  and  at  such  other  times  as  he  may  deem 
necessary. 

72.  He  will  cause  the  corporals  of  the  old  and  new  reliefs 
to  verify  together,  immediately  before  each  relief  goes  on 
post,  the  number  of  prisoners  who  should  then  properly  be 
at  the  guardhouse. 

73.  He  will  see  that  the  sentences  of  prisoners  under  his 
charge  are  executed  strictly  in  accordance  with  the  action 
of  the  reviewing  authority. 


20  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

74.  When  no  special  prisoner  guard  has  been  detailed 
(par.  300),  he  will,  as  far  as  practicable,  assign  as  guards 
over  working  parties  of  prisoners  sentinels  from  posts 
guarded  at  night  only. 

75.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  inspect  all  meals 
sent  to  the  guardhouse  and  see  that  the  quantity  and 
quality  of  food  are  in  accordance  with  regulations. 

76.  At  guard  mounting  he  will  report  to  the  old  officer 
of  the  day  all  cases  of  prisoners  whose  terms  of  sentence 
expire  on  that  day,  and  also  all  cases  of  prisoners  concern- 
ing whom  no  statement  of  charges  has  been  received. 
(See  Par.  241.) 

77.  The  commander  of  the  guard  is  responsible  for  the 
security  of  the  prisoners  under  the  charge  of  his  guard;  he 
becomes  responsible  for  them  after  their  number  has  been 
verified  and  they  have  been  turned  over  to  the  custody  of 
his  guard  by  the  old  guard  or  by  the  prisoner  guard  or 
overseers. 

78.  The  prisoners  will  be  verified  and  turned  over  to 
the  new  guard  without  parading  them,  unless  the  com- 
manding officer  or  the  officer  of  the  day  shall  direct  other- 
wise. 

79.  To  receive  the  prisoners  at  the  guard  house  when 
they  have  been  paraded  and  after  they  have  been  verified 
by  the  officers  of  the  day,  the  commander  of  the  new  guard 
directs  his  sergeant  to  form  his  guard  with  an  interval,  and 
commands:  1.  Prisoners,  2.  Eight,  3.  FACE, 4.  Forward, 
5.  MARCH.  The  prisoners  having  arrived  opposite  the 
interval  in  the  new  guard,  he  commands:  1.  Prisoners, 
2.  HALT,  3.  Left,  4.  FACE,  5.  Right  (or  left),  6.  DRESS, 
7.  FRONT. 

The  prisoners  dress  on  the  line  of  the  new  guard. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  21 

SERGEANT  OF  THE  GUARD. 

80.  The  senior  noncommissioned  officer  of  the  guard 
always  acts  as  sergeant  of  the  guard,  and  if  there  be  no 
officer  of  the  guard,  will  perform  the  duties  prescribed  for 
the  commander  of  the  guard. 

81.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  has  general  supervision 
over  the  other  noncommissioned  officers  and  the  musicians 
and  privates  of  the  guard,  and  must  be  thoroughly  familiar 
with  all  of  their  orders  and  duties. 

82.  He  is  directly  responsible  for  the  property  under 
charge  of  the  guard,  and  will  see  that  it  is  properly  cared 
for.  He  will  make  lists  of  articles  taken  out  by  working 
parties,  and  see  that  all  such  articles  are  duly  returned. 
If  they  are  not,  he  will  immediately  report  the  fact  to  the 
commander  of  the  guard. 

83.  Immediately  after  guard  mounting  he  will  prepare 
duplicate  lists  of  the  names  of  all  noncommissioned  officers, 
musicians,  and  privates  of  the  guard,  showing  the  relief 
and  post  or  duties  of  each.  One  list  will  be  handed  as  soon 
as  possible  to  the  commander  of  th-3  guard;  the  other  will 
be  retained  by  the  sergeant. 

84.  He  will  see  that  all  reliefs  are  turned  out  at  the 
proper  time,  and  that  the  corporals  thoroughly  understand, 
and  are  prompt  and  efficient  in,  the  discharge  of  their 
duties. 

85.  During  the  temporary  absence  from  the  guardhouse 
of  thesergeant  of  the  guard,  the  next  in  rank  of  the  non- 
commissioned officers  will  perform  his  duties. 

86.  Should  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  on  post  be  called 
away  from  the  guardhouse,  the  sergeant  of  the  guard  will 
designate  a  noncommissioned  officer  to  take  the  corporal's 
place  until  his  return. 


22  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

87.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  is  responsible  at  all  times 
for  the  proper  police  of  the  guardhouse  or  guard  tent,  in- 
cluding the  ground  about  them  and  the  prison  cells. 

88.  At  "first  sergeant's  call"  he  will  proceed  to  the 
adjutant's  office  and  obtain  the  guard  report  book. 

89.  When  the  national  or  regimental  colors  are  taken 
from  the  stacks  of  the  color  line,  the  color  bearer  and  guard, 
or  the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  unarmed,  and  two  armed  pri- 
vates as  a  guard,  will  escort  the  colors  to  the  colonel's 
quarters,  as  prescribed  for  the  color  guard  in  the  drill 
regulations  of  the  arm  of  the  service  to  which  the  guard 
belongs. 

90.  He  will  report  to  the  commander  of  the  guard  any 
suspicious  or  unusual  occurrence  that  comes  under  his 
notice,  will  warn  him  of  the  approach  of  any  armed  body, 
and  will  send  to  him  all  persons  arrested  by  the  guard. 

91.  When  the  guard  is  turned  out,  its  formation  will  be 
as  follows:  The  senior  noncommissioned  officer,  if  com- 
mander of  the  guard,  is  on  the  right  of  the  right  guide;  if 
not  commander  of  the  guard,  he  is  in  the  line  of  file  closers, 
in  rear  of  the  right  four  of  the  guard;  the  next  in  rank  is 
right  guide;  the  next  left  guide;  the  others  in  the  line  of 
file  closers,  usually,  each  in  rear  of  his  relief;  the  field 
music,  with  its  left  three^  paces  to  the  right  of  the  right 
guide.  The  reliefs  form  in  the  same  order  as  when  the 
guard  was  first  divided,  except  that  if  the  guard  consists 
of  dismounted  cavalry  and  infantry,  the  cavalry  forms  on 
the  left. 

92.  The  sergeant  forms  the  guard,  calls  the  roll,  and,  if 
not  in  command  of  the  guard,  reports  to  the  commander  of 
the  guard  as  prescribed  in  drill  regulations  for  a  first_ ser- 
geant forming  a  troop  or  company ;  the  guard  is  not  divided 
into  platoons  or  sections,  and,  except  when  the  whole 
guard  is  formed  prior  to  marching  off,  fours  are  not  counted. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  23 

93.  The  sergeant  reports  as  follows:  "Sir,  all  present 
or  accounted  for,"  or  "Sir,  (so-and-so)  is  absent"; 
or  if  the  roll  call  has  been  omitted,  "Sir,  the  guard  is 
formed."  Only  men  absent  without  proper  authority 
are  reported  absent.  He  then  takes  his  place,  without 
command. 

94.  At  night,  the  roll  may  be  called  by  reliefs  and 
numbers  instead  of  names;  thus,  the  first  relief  being  on 
post:  Second  relief;  No.  1;  No.  2,  etc.;  Third  relief, 
Corporal;  No.  1,  etc. 

95.  Calling  the  roll  will  be  dispensed  with  in  forming  the 
guard  when  it  is  turned  out  as  a  compliment,  on  the 
approach  of  an  armed  body,  or  in  any  sudden  emergency; 
but  in  such  cases  the  roll  may  be  called  before  dismissing 
the  guard.  If  the  guard  be  turned  out  for  an  officer  entitled 
to  inspect  it,  the  roll  will,  unless  he  directs  otherwise, 
always  be  called  before  a  report  is  made. 

98.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  has  direct  charge  of  the 
prisoners,  except  during  such  time  as  they  may  be  under 
the  charge  of  the  prisoner  guard  or  overseers,  and  is 
responsible  to  the  commander  of  the  guard  for  their 
security. 

97.  He  will  carry  the  keys  of  the  guardroom  and  cells, 
and  will  not  suffer  them  to  leave  his  personal  possession 
while  he  is  at  the  guardhouse,  except  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided. (Par.  99.)  Should  he  leave  the  guardhouse  for 
any  purpose,  he  will  turn  the  keys  over  to  the  noncom- 
missioned officer  who  takes  his  place.    (Par.  85.) 

98.  He  will  count  the  knives,  forks,  etc.,  given  to  the 
prisoners  with  their  food,  and  see  that  none  of  these  articles 
remain  in  their  possession.  He  will  see  that  no  forbidden 
articles  of  any  kind  are  conveyed  to  the  prisoners. 

99.  Prisoners,  when  paraded  with  the  guard,  are  placed 
in  line  in  its  center.  The  sergeant,  immediately  before 
forming  the  guard,  will  turn  over  his  keys  to  the  non- 


24  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

commissioned  officer  at  the  guardhouse.  Having  formed 
the  guard,  he  will  divide  it  into  two  nearly  equal  parts. 
Indicating  the  point  of  division  with  his  hand,  he  com- 
mands: 

1.  Right  (or  left),  2.  FACE,  3.  Forward,  4.  MARCH, 
5.  Guard,  6.  HALT,  7.  Left  (or  right),  8.  FACE. 

•If  the  first  command  be  right  face,  the  right  half  of  the 
guard  only  will  execute  the  movements;  if  left  face,  the 
left  half  only  will  execute  them.  The^  command  halt  is 
given  when  sufficient  interval  is  obtained  to  admit  the 
prisoners.  The  doors  of  the  guardroom  and  cells  are  then 
opened  by  the  noncommissioned  officer  having  the  keys. 
The  prisoners  will  file  out  under  the  supervision  of  the 
sergeant,  the  noncommissioned  officer,  and  sentinel  on 
duty  at  the  guardhouse,  and  such  other  sentinels  as  may 
be  necessary;  they  will  formi  in  line  in  the  interval 
between  the  two  parts  of  the  guard. 

100.  To  return  the  prisoners  to  the  guardroom  and 
cells,  the  sergeant  commands: 

1.  Prisoners,  2.  Right  (or  left),  3.  FACE,  4.  Column 
right  (or  left)  5.  MARCH. 

The  prisoners,  under  the  same  supervision  as  before, 
return  to  their  proper  rooms  or  cells. 

101.  To  close  the  guard,  the  sergeant  commands: 

I.  Left  (or  right),  2.  FACE,  3.  Forward,  4.  MARCH, 
5.  Guard,  6.  HALT,  7.  Right  (or  left),  8.  FACE. 

The  left  or  right  half  only  of  the  guard,  as  indicated, 
.executes  the  movement. 

102.  If  there  be  but  few  prisoners,  the  sergeant  may 
indicate  the  point  of  division  as  above,  and  form  the  nec- 
essary interval  by  the  commands: 

1.  Right  (or  left)  step,  2.  MARCH,  3.  Guard, 
4.  HALT,  and  close  the  intervals  by  the  commands: 

1.  Left  (or  right)  step,  2.  MARCH,  3.  Guard, 
4.  HALT. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  25 

103.  If  sentinels  are  numerous,  reliefs  may,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  commanding  officer,  be  posted  in  detach- 
ments, and  sergeants,  as  well  as  corporals,  required  to 
relieve  and  post  them. 

CORPORAL   OF   THE    GUARD. 

104.  A  corporal  of  the  guard  receives  and  obeys  orders 
from  none  but  noncommissioned  officers  of  the  guard  senior 
to  himself,  the  officers  of  the  guard,  the  officer  of  the  day, 
and  the  commanding  officer. 

105.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  corporal  of  the  guard  to  post 
and  relieve  sentinels,  and  to  instruct  the  members  of  his 
relief  in  their  orders  and  duties. 

106.  Immediately  after  the  division  of  the  guard  into 
reliefs  the  corporals  will  assign  the  members  of  their  respec- 
tive reliefs  to  posts  by  number,  and  a  soldier  so  assigned  to 
his  post  will  not  be  changed  to  another  during  the  same 
tour  of  guard  duty,  unless  by  direction  of  the  commander 
of  the  guard  or  higher  authority.  Usually,  experienced 
soldiers  ar< ;  placed  over  the  arms  of  the  guard,  and  at  re- 
mote and  responsible  poets. 

107.  Each  corporal  will  then  make  a  list  of  the  members 
of  his  relief,  including  himself.  This  list  will  contain  the 
number  of  the  relief,  the  name,  the  company,  and  the  regi- 
ment of  every  member  thereof,  and  the  post  to  which  each 
is  assigned.  The  list  will  be  made  in  duplicate,  one  copy 
to  be  given  to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard  as  soon  as  com- 
pleted, the  other  to  be  retained  by  the  corporal. 

108.  When  directed  by  the  commander  of  the  guard, 
the  corporal  of  the  first  relief  forms  his  relief,  and  then 
commands:  CALL  OFF. 

Commencing  on  the  right,  the  men  call  off  alternately 
rear  and  front  rank,  "one,"  "two/'  "three,"  "four," 


26  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

and  so  on;  if  in  single  rank,  they  call  off  from  right  to  left. 
The  corporal  then  commands: 
1.  Right,  2.  FACE,  3.  Forward,  4.  MARCH. 

The  corporal  marches  on  the  left,  and  near  the  rear  file, 
in  order  to  observe  the  march.  The  corporal  of  the  old 
guard  marches  on  the  right  of  the  leading  file,  and  takes 
command  when  the  last  one  of  the  old  sentinels  is  relieved, 
changing  places  with  the  corporal  of  the  new  guard. 

109.  When  the  relief  arrives  at  six  paces  from  a  sentinel 
(see  par.  168),  the  corporal  halts  it  and  commands,  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  the  post:  No.  ( — ). 

Both  sentinels  execute  port  arms  or  saber;  the  new  senti- 
nel approaches  the  old,  halting  about  one  pace  from  him. 
(See  par.  172.) 

110.  The  corporals  advance  and  place  themselves,  fac- 
ing each  other,  a  little  in  advance  of  the  new  sentinel,  the 
old  corporal  on  his  right,  the  new  corporal  on  his  left,  both 
at  a  right  shoulder,  and  observe  that  the  old  sentinel 
transmits  correctly  his  instructions. 

The  following  diagram  will  illustrate  the  positions  taken: 

A 

R  □ 

□     □     □     □    □ 

CD  DD 

n        □  □  □ 

□ 

B 

R  is  the  relief;  A,  the  new  corporal;  B,  the  old;  C,  the 
new  sentinel;  X>,  the  old. 

111.  The  instructions  relative  to  the  post  having  been 
communicated,  the  new  corporal  commands,  POST;  both 
sentinels  then  resume  the  right  shoulder,  face  toward  the 
new  corporal,  and  step  back  so  as  to  allow  the  relief  to  pass 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  27 

in  front  of  them.  The  new  corporal  then  commands, 
1.  Forward,  2.  MARCH;  the  old  sentinel  takes  his  place 
in  rear  of  the  relief  as  it  passes  him,  his  piece  in  the  same 
position  as  those  of  the  relief.  The  new  sentinel  stands 
fast  at  a  right  shoulder  until  the  relief  has  passed  six  paces 
beyond  him,  when  he  walks  his  post.  The  corporals  take 
their  places  as  the  relief  passes  them. 

112.  Mounted  sentinels  are  posted  and  relieved  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  same  principles. 

113.  On  the  return  of  the  old  relief,  the  corporal  of  the 
new  guard  falls  out  when  the  relief  halts;  the  corporal  of 
the  old  guard  forms  his  relief  on  the  left  of  the  old  guard, 
salutes,  and  reports  to  the  commander  of  his  guard:  "Sir, 
the  relief  is  present";  or  "Sir,  (so  and  so)  is  absent," 
and  takes  his  place  in  the  guard. 

114.  To  post  a  relief  other  than  that  which  is  posted 
when  the  old  guard  is  relieved,  its  corporal  commands: 

1.  (Such)  relief,  2.  FALL  IN;  and  if  arms  are  stacked, 
they  are  taken  at  the  proper  commands. 

The  relief  is  formed  facing  to  the  front,  with  arms  at  an 
order;  the  men  place  themselves  according  to  the  num- 
bers of  their  respective  posts,  viz,  two,  four,  six,  and  so 
on,  in  the  front  rank,  and  one,  three,  five,  and  so  on,  in 
the  rear  rank.  The  corporal,  standing  about  two  paces 
in  front  of  the  center  of  his  relief,  then  commands:  CALL 
OFF. 

The  men  call  off  as  prescribed.  The  corporal  then  com- 
mands: 1.  Inspection,  2.  ARMS,  3.  Order,  4.  ARMS; 
faces  the  commander  of  the  guard,  executes  the  rifle  sa- 
lute, reports:  "Sir,  the  relief  is  present,"  or  "Sir  (so 
and  so),  is  absent";  he  then  takes  his  place  on  the  right 
at  order  arms. 

llo.  When  the  commander  of  the  guard  directs  the  cor- 
poral: ^Post  your  relief,"  the  corporal  salutes  and  posts 
his  relief  as  prescribed  (pars.  108  to  111);  the  corporal  of 


28  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

the  relief  on  post  does  not  go  with  the  new  relief,  except 
when  necessary  to  show  the  way. 

116.  To  dismiss  the  old  relief,  it  is  halted  and  faced  to 
the  front  at  the  guardhouse  by  the  corporal  of  the  new  re- 
lief, who  then  falls  out;  the  corporal  of  the  old  relief  then 
steps  in  front  of  the  relief  and  dismisses  it  by  the  proper 
commands. 

117.  Should  the  pieces  have  been  loaded  before  the 
relief  was  posted,  the  corporal  will,  before  dismissing  the 
relief,  see  that  no  cartridges  are  left  in  the  chambers  or 
magazines.  The  same  rule  applies  to  sentinels  over 
prisoners. 

118.  Each  corporal  will  thoroughly  acquaint  himself 
with  all  the  special  orders  of  every  sentinel  on  his  relief, 
and  see  that  each  understands  and  correctly  transmits 
such  orders  in  detail  to  his  successor. 

119.  There  should  be  at  least  one  noncommissioned 
officer  constantly  on  the  alert  at  the  guardhouse,  usually 
the  corporal  whose  relief  is  on  post.  This  noncommis- 
sioned officer  takes  post  near  the  entrance  of  the  guard- 
house, and  does  not  fall  in  with  the  guard  when  it  is  formed. 
He  will  have  his  rifle  constantly  with  him. 

120.  Whenever  it  becomes  necessary  for  the  corporal  to 
leave  his  post  near  the  entrance  of  the  guardhouse,  he  will 
notify  the  sergeant. of  the  guard,  who  will  at  once  take  his 
place,  or  designate  another  noncommissioned  officer  to 
do  so. 

121.  He  will  see  that  no  person  enters  the  guardhouse, 
or  guard  tent,  or  crosses  the  posts  of  the  sentinels  there 
posted  without  proper  authority. 

122.  Shculd  any  sentinel  call  for  the  corporal  of  the 
guard,  the  corporal  will,  in  every  case,  at  once  and  quickly 
proceed  to  such  sentinel.  He  will  notify  the  sergeant  of 
the  guard  before  leaving  the  guardhouse. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  29 

123.  He  will  at  once  report  to  the  commander  of  the 
guard  any  violation  of  regulations  or  any  unusual  occur- 
rence which  is  reported  to  him  by  a  sentinel,  or  which 
comes  to  his  notice  in  any  other  way. 

124.  Should  a  sentinel  call:  "The  Guard,"  the  corporal 
will  promptly  notify  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

125.  Should  a  sentinel  call:  "Relief,"  the  corporal  will 
at  once  proceed  to  the  post  of  such  sentinel,  taking  with 
him  the  man  next  for  duty  on  that  post.  If  the  sentinel  is 
relieved  for  a  short  time  only,  the  corporal  will  again  post 
him  as  soon  as  the  necessity  for  his  relief  ceases. 

126.  When  the  countersign  is  used,  the  corporal  at 
the  posting  of  the  relief  during  whose  tour  challenging  is 
to  begin  gives  the  countersign  to  the  members  of  the  re- 
lief, excepting  those  posted  at  the  guardhouse. 

127.  He  will  wake  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  next  on 
post  in  time  for  the  latter  to  verify  the  prisoners,  form  his 
relief,  and  post  it  at  the  proper  hour. 

128.  Should  the  guard  be  turned  out,  each  corporal 
will  call  his  own  relief,  and  cause  its  members  to  fall  in 
promptly. 

129.  Tents  or  bunks  in  the  same  vicinity  will  be  des- 
ignated for  the  reliefs  so  that  all  the  members  of  each  re- 
lief may,  if  necessary,  be  found  and  turned  out  by  the 
corporal  in  the  least  time  and  with  the  least  confusion. 

130.  When  challenged  by  a  sentinel  while  posting  his 
relief,  the  corporal  commands:  1.  Relief,  2.  HALT;  to 
the  sentinel's  challenge  he  answers  "  Relief,"  and  at  the 
order  of  the  sentinel  he  advances  alone  to  give  the  counter- 
sign, or  to  be  recognized.  When  the  sentinel  says,  "Ad- 
vance relief,"  the  corporal  commands:  1.-  Forward,  2. 
MARCH. 

If  to  be  relieved,  the  sentinel  is  then  relieved  as  pre- 
scribed. 


30  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

131.  Between  retreat  and  reveille,  the  corporal  of  the 
guard  will  challenge  all  suspicious  looking  persons  or  par- 
ties he  may  observe,  first  halting  his  patrol  or  relief,  if 
either  be  with  him.  He  will  advance  them  in  the  same 
manner  that  sentinels  on  post  advance  like  parties  (pars. 
191  to  19T),  but  if  the  route  of  a  patrol  is  on  a  continuous 
chain  of  sentinels,  he  should  not  challenge  persons  coming 
near  him  unless  he  has  reason  to  believe  that  they  have 
eluded  the  vigilance  of  sentinels. 

132.  Between  retreat  and  reveille,  whenever  so  ordered 
by  an  officer  entitled  to  inspect  the  guard,  the  corporal 
will  call:  "Turn  out  the  guard,"  announcing  the  title  of 
the  officer,  and  then,  if  not  otherwise  ordered  he  will  salute, 
and  return  to  his  post. 

133.  As  a  general  rule  he  will  advance  parties  ap- 
proaching the  guard  at  night  in  the  same  manner  that 
sentinels  on  post  advance  like  parties.  Thus,  the  senti- 
nel at  the  guardhouse  challenges  and  repeats  the  answer 
to  the  corporal,  as  prescribed  hereafter  (par.  200);  the  cor- 
poral, advancing  at "  port  arms,"  says:  "Advance  (so  and 
so)  with  the  countersign, "  or  "to  be  recognized,"  if 
there  be  no  countersign  used;  the  countersign  being  cor- 
rectly given,  or  the  party  being  duly  recognized,  the  cor- 
poral says:  "Advance  (so  and  so)";  repeating  the  answer 
to  the  challenge  of  the  sentinel. 

134.  When  officers  of  different  rank  approach  the  guard- 
house from  different  directions  at  the  same  time,  the  sen- 
ior will  be  advanced  first,  and  will  not  be  made  to  wait  for 
his  junior. 

135.  Out  of  ranks  and  under  arms,  the  corporal  salutes 
with  the  rifle  salute.  He  will  salute  all  officers  whether 
by  day  or  night. 

136.  The  corporal  will  examine  parties  halted  and  de- 
tained by  sentinels,  and  if  he  has  reason  to  believe  the 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  31 

parties  have  no  authority  to  cross  sentinel's  posts,  will 
conduct  them  to  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

137.  The  corporal  of  the  guard  will  arrest  all  suspicious 
looking  characters  prowling  about  the  post  or  camp,  all 
persons  of  a  disorderly  character  disturbing  the  peace,  and 
all  persons  taken  in  the  act  of  committing  crime  against 
the  Government  on  a  military  reservation  or  post.  AIL 
persons  arrested  by  corporals  of  the  guard,  or  by  sentinels, 
will  at  once  be  conducted  to  the  commander  of  the  guard 
by  the  corporal. 

MUSICIANS  OF  THE  GUARD. 

138.  The  musicians  of  the  guard  will  sound  call  as  pre- 
scribed by  the  commanding  officer. 

139.  Should  the  guard  be  turned  out  for  national  or 
regimental  colors  or  standards,  uncased,  the  field  music  of 
the  guard  will,  when  the  guard  present  arms,  sound,  "To 
the  color"  or  "To  the  standard";  or,  if  for  any  person 
entitled  thereto,  the  march,  flourishes,  or  ruffles,  pre- 
scribed in  paragraphs  375,  376,  and  377,  A.  R. 

ORDERLIES  AND  COLOR  SENTINELS. 

140.  When  so  directed  by  the  commanding  officer,  the 
officer  who  inspects  the  guard  at  guard  mounting  will  select 
from  the  members  of  the  new  guard  an  orderly  for  the 
commanding  officer  and  such  number  of  other  orderlies 
and  color  sentinels  as  may  be  required. 

141.  For  thesepositions  the  soldiers  will  be  chosen  who 
are  most  correct  in  the  performance  of  duty  and  in  mili- 
tary bearing,  neatest  in  person  and  clothing,  and  whose 
arms  and  accouterments  are  in  the  best  condition.  Cloth- 
ing, arms,  and  equipments  must  conform  to  regulations. 
If  there  is  any  doubt  as  to  the  relative  qualifications  of 
two  or  more  soldiers,  the  inspecting  officer  will  cause  them 


32  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

to  fall  out  at  the  guardhouse  and  to  form  in  line  in  single 
rank.  He  will  then,  by  testing  them  in  drill  regulations, 
select  the  most  proficient.  The  commander  of  the  guard 
will  be  notified  of  the  selection. 

142.  When  directed  by  the  commander  of  the  guard  to 
fall  out  and  report,  an  orderly  will  give  his  name,  com- 
pany, and  regiment  to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  and, 
leaving  his  rifle  in  the  arm  rack  in  his  company  quarters, 
will  proceed  at  once  to  the  officer  to  whom  he  is  assigned, 

reporting:   "Sir,  Private ,  Company  — ,  reports 

as  orderly." 

143.  If  the  orderly  selected  be  a  cavalryman,  he  will 
leave  his  rifle  in  the  arm  rack  of  his  troop  quarters,  and 
report  with  his  belt  on,  but  without  side  arms  unless 
specially  otherwise  ordered. 

144.  Orderlies,  while  on  duty  as  such,  are  subject  only 
to  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  and  of  the  officers 
to  whom  they  are  ordered  to  report. 

145.  When  an  orderly  is  ordered  to  carry  a  message,  he 
will  be  carefu'  ir.  -1  sliver  it  exactly  as  it  was  g^iven  to  him. 

146.  His  tour  <  iuty  ends  when  he  is  relieved  by  the 
orderly  selected  h  :  ca  the  guard  relieving  his  own. 

147.  Orderlies  are  members  of  the  guard,  and  their 
name,  company,  and  regiment  are  entered  on  the  guard 
report  and  lists  of  the  guard. 

148.  If  a  color  line  is  established,  sufficient  sentinels 
are  placed  on  the  color  line  to  guard  the  colors  and  stacks. 

149.  Color  sentinels  are  posted  only  so  long  as  the  stacks 
are  formed.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  divide  the 
time  equally  among  them. 

150.  When  stacks  are  broken,  the  color  sentinels  may  be 
permitted  to  return  to  their  respective  companies.  They 
are  required  to  report  in  person  to  the  commander  of  the 
guard  at  reveille  and  retreat.  They  will  fall  in  with  the 
guard,  under  arms,  at  guard  mounting. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  33 

151.  Color  sentinels  are  not  placed  on  the  regular  reliefs, 
nor  are  their  posts  numbered.  In  calling  tor  the  corporal 
of  the  guard,  they  call:  "Corporal  of  the  guard.  Color 
line." 

152.  Officers  or  enlisted  men  passing  the  uncased  colors 
will  render  the  prescribed  salute.  If  the  colors  are  on  the 
stacks,  the  salute  will  be  made  on  crossing  the  color  line 
or  on  passing  the  colors. 

153.  A  sentinel  placed  over  the  colors  will  not  permit 
them  to  be  moved,  except  in  the  presence  of  an  armed 
escort.  Unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the  commanding  offi- 
cer, he  will  allow  no  one  to  touch  them  but  the  color  bearer. 

He  will  not  permit  any  soldier  to  take  arms  from  the 
stacks,  or  to  touch  them,  except  by  order  of  an  officer  or 
noncommissioned  officer  of  the  guard. 

If  any  person  passing  the  colors  or  crossing  the  color  line 
fails  to  salute  the  colors,  the  sentinel  will  caution  him  to  do 
so,  and  if  the  caution  be  not  heeded  he  will  call  the  corporal 
of  the  guard  and  report  the  facts. 

PRIVATES  OF  THE  GUARD. 

154.  Privates  are  assigned  to  reliefs  by  the  commander 
of  the  guard,  and  to  posts,  usually,  by  the  corporal  of  their 
relief.  They  will  not  change  from  one  relief  or  post  to 
another  during  the  same  tour  of  guard  duty  unless  by 
proper  authority. 

ORDERS  FOR  SENTINELS. 

155.  Orders  for  sentinels  are  of  two  classes:  General 
orders  and  special  orders.  General  orders  apply  to  all 
sentinels.  Special  orders  relate  to  particular  posts  and 
duties. 

93592° — 17 3 


34  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

156.  Sentinels  will  be  required  to  memorize  the  fol- 
lowing: 

My  general  orders  are: 

1 .  To  take  charge  of  this  post  and  all  Government 
property  in  view. 

2.  To  walk  my  post  in  a  military  manner,  keeping 
always  on  the  alert  and  observing  everything  that 
takes  place  within  sight  or  hearing. 

3.  To  report  all  violations  of  orders  I  am  instructed 
to  enforce. 

4.  To  repeat  all  calls  from  posts  more  distant  from 
the  guardhouse  than  my  own. 

5.  To  quit  my  post  only  when  properly  relieved. 

6.  To  receive,  obey,  and  pass  on  to  the  sentinel 
who  relieves  me  all  orders  from  the  commanding 
officer,  officer  of  the  day,  and  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  of  the  guard  only. 

7.  To  talk  to  no'one  except  in  line  of  duty. 

8.  In  case  of  fire  or  disorder  to  give  the  alarm. 

9.  To  allow  no  one  to  commit  a  nuisance  on  or  near 
my  post. 

10.  In  any  case  not  covered  by  instructions  to  call 
the  corporal  of  the  guard. 

11.  To  salute  all  officers,  and  all  colors  and  stand- 
ards not  cased. 

12.  To  be  especially  watchful  at  night,  and,  during 
the  time  for  challenging,  to  challenge  all  persons  on 
or  near  my  post,  and  to  allow  no  one  to  pass  without 
proper  authority. 

REGULATIONS  RELATING  TO  THE  GENERAL  ORDERS 
FOR  SENTINELS. 

No.  1:  To  take  charge  of  this  post  and  all  Govern- 
ment property  in  view. 

157.  All  persons,  of  whatever  rank  in  the  service,  are 
required  to  observe  respect  toward  sentinels  and  members 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  35 

of  the  guard  when  such  are  in  the  performance  of  their 
duties. 

158.  A  sentinel  will  at  once  report  to  the  corporal  of 
the  guard  every  unusual  or  suspicious  occurrence  noted. 

159.  He  will  arrest  suspicious  persons  prowling  about 
the  post  or  camp  at  any  time,  all  parties  to  a  disorder 
occurring  on  or  near  his  post,  and  all,  except  authorized 
persons,  who  attempt  to  enter  the  camp  at  night,  and  will 
turn  over  to  the  corporal  of  the  guard  all  persons  arrested. 

160.  The  number,  limits,  and  extent  of  his  post  will 
invariably  constitute  part  of  the  special  orders  of  a  sen- 
tinel on  post.  The  limits  of  his  post  should  be  so  denned 
as  to  include  every  place  to  which  he  is  required  to  go  in 
the  performance  of  his  duties. 

No.  2:  To  walk  my  post  in  a  military  manner, 
keeping  always  on  the  alert  and  observing  every- 
thing that  takes  place  within  sight  or  hearing. 

161.  A  sentinel  is  not  required  to  halt  and  change  the 
position  of  his  rifle  on  arriving  at  the  end  of  his  post,  nor 
to  execute  to  the  rear,  march,  precisely  as  prescribed 
in  the  drill  regulations,  but  faces  about  while  walking,  in 
the  manner  most  convenient  to  him,  and  at  any  part  of 
his  post  as  may  be  best  suited  to  the  proper  performance 
of  his  duties.  He  carries  his  rifle  on  either  shoulder,  and 
in  wet  or  severe  weather,  when  not  in  a  sentry  box,  may 
carry  it  at  a  secure. 

162.  Sentinels  when  in  sentry  boxes  stand  at  ease. 
Sentry  boxes  will  be  used  in  wet  weather  only,  or  at  other 
times  when  specially  authorized  by  the  commanding 
officer. 

163.  In  very  hot  weather,  sentinels  may  be  authorized 
to  stand  at  ease  on  their  posts,  provided  they  can  effect- 
ively discharge  their  duties  in  this  position,  but  they 
will  take  advantage  of  this  privilege  only  on  the  express 
authority  of  the  officer  of  the  day  or  the  commander  of 
the  guard. 


36  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

164.  A  mounted  sentinel  may  dismount  occasionally 
and  lead  his  horse  but  will  not  relax  his  vigilance. 

No.  3:  To  report  all  violations  of  orders  I  am 
instructed  to  enforce. 

165.  A  sentinel  will  ordinarily  report  a  violation  of 
orders  when  he  is  inspected  or  relieved,  but  if  the  case  be 
urgent  he  will  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard,  and  also,  if 
necessary,  will  arrest  the  offender. 

No.  4:  To  repeat  all  calls  from  posts  more  distant 
from  the  guardhouse  than  my  own. 

166.  To  call  the  corporal,  or  the  guard,  for  any  purpose 
other  than  relief,  fire,  or  disorder  (pars.  167  and  173),  a 
sentinel  will  call,  "Corporal  of  the  guard,  No.  ( — )," 
adding  the  number  of  his  post.  In  no  case  will  any  sen- 
tinel call,  "Never  mind  the  corporal;"  nor  will  the 
corporal  heed  such  call  if  given. 

No.  5:  To  quit  my  post  only  when  properly  relieved. 

167.  If  relief  becomes  necessary,  by  reason  of  sickness 
or  other  cause,  a  sentinel  will  call,  "Corporal  of  the 
guard,  No.  ( — ),  Relief,"  giving  the  number  of  his  post. 

168.  Whenever  a  sentinel  is  to  be  relieved,  he  will  halt, 
and  with  arms  at  a  right  shoulder,  will  face  toward  the 
relief  when  it  is  thirty  paces  from  him.  He  will  come  to  a 
port  arms  with  the  new  sentinel,  and  in  a  low  tone  will 
transmit  to  him  all  the  special  orders  relating  to  the  post, 
and  any  other  information  which  will  assist  him  to  better 
perform  his  duties. 

No.  6:  To  receive,  obey,  and  pass  on  to  the  senti- 
nel who  relieves  me,  all  orders  from  the  commanding 
officer,  officer  of  the  day,  and  officers  and  noncom- 
missioned officers  of  the  guard  only. 

169.  During  this  tour  of  duty  a  soldier  is  subject  to  the 
orders  of  the  commanding  officer,  officer  of  the  day,  and 
officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  of  the  guard  onlyj 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  37 

but   any  officer   is   competent   to   investigate   apparent 
violations  of  regulations  by  members  of  the  guard. 

170.  A  sentinel  will  quit  his  piece  on  an  explicit  order 
from  any  person  from  whom  he  lawfully  receives  orders 
while  on  post;  under  no  circumstances  will  he  yield  it  to 
any  other  person.  Unless  necessity  therefor  exists,  no 
person  will  require  a  sentinel  to  quit  his  piece,  even  to 
allow  it  to  be  inspected. 

171.  A  sentinel  will  not  divulge  the  countersign  (pars. 
209  to  217)  to  any  one  except  the  sentinel  who  relieves 
him,  or  to  a  person  from  whom  he  properly  receives  orders, 
on  such  person's  verbal  order  given  personally.  Privates 
of  the  guard  will  not  use  the  countersign  except  in  the 
performance  of  their  duties  while  posted  as  sentinels. 

No.  7:  To  talk  to  no  one  except  in  line  of  duty. 

172.  When  calling  for  any  purpose,  challenging,  or 
holding  communication  with  any  person,  a  dismounted 
sentinel,  armed  with  a  rifle  or  saber,  will  take  the  position 
of  "port "  arms  or  saber.  At  night  a  dismounted  sentinel, 
armed  with  a  pistol,  takes  the  position  of  raise  pistol  in 
challenging  or  holding  communication.  A  mounted  sen- 
tinel does  not  ordinarily  draw  his  weapon  in  the  daytime 
when  challenging  or  holding  conversation!  but  if  drawn, 
he  holds  it  at  advance  rifle,  raise  pistol,  or  port  saber,  ac- 
cording as  he  is  armed  with  a  rifle,  pistol,  or  saber.  At 
night,  in  challenging  and  holding  conversation,  his  weapon 
is  drawn  and  held  as~just  prescribed,  depending  on  whether 
he  is  armed  with  a  rifle,  pistol,  or  saber. 

No.  8:  In  case  of  fire  or  disorder  to  give  the  alarm. 

173.  In  case  of  fire,  a  sentinel  will  call,  "Fire  No.  ( — )," 
adding  the  number  of  his  post;  if  possible,  he  will  extin- 
guish the  fire  himself.  In  case  of  disorder,  he  will  call: 
"The  Guard,  No.  (— ),"  adding  the  number  of  his  post. 
If  the  danger  be  great,  he  will,  in  either  case,  discharge  his 
piece  before  calling. 

46760 


38  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

No.  11:  To  salute  all  officers  and  all  colors  and 
standards  not  cased. 

174.  When  not  engaged  in  the  performance  of  a  specific 
duty,  the  proper  execution  of  which  would  prevent  it,  a 
member  of  the  guard  will  salute  all  officers  who  pass  him. 
This  rule  applies  at  all  hours  of  the  day  or  night,  except  in 
the  case  of  mounted  sentinels  armed  with  a  rifle  or  pistol, 
or  dismounted  sentinels  armed  with  a  pistol,  after  chal- 
lenging.    (See  par.  181.) 

175.  Sentinels  will  salute  as  follows:  A  dismounted  sen- 
tinel armed  with  a  rifle  or  saber,  salutes  by  presenting 
arms;  if  otherwise  armed,  he  salutes  with  the  right  hand. 

A  mounted  sentinel,  if  armed  with  a  saber  and  the  saber 
be  drawn,  salutes  by  presenting  saber;  otherwise  he  salutes 
in  all  cases  with  the  right  hand. 

176.  To  salute,  a  dismounted  sentinel,  with  piece  at  a 
right  shoulder  or  saber  at  a  carry,  halts  and  faces  toward 
the  person  to  be  saluted  when  the  latter  arrives  within 
thirty  paces. 

The  limit  within  which  individuals  and  insignia  of  rank 
can  be  readily  recognized  is  assumed  to  be  about  30  paces, 
and  therefore  at  this  distance  cognizance  is  taken  of  the 
person  or  party  to  be  saluted. 

177.  The  salute  is  rendered  at  6  paces;  if  the  person  to 
be  saluted  does  not  arrive  Within  that  distance,  then  when 
he  is  nearest. 

178.  A  sentinel  in  a  sentry  box,  armed  with  a  rifle, 
stands  at  attention  in  the  doorway  on  the  approach  of  a 
person  or  party  entitled  to  salute,  and  salutes  by  present- 
ing arms  according  to  the  foregoing  rules. 

If  armed  with  a  saber,  he  stands  at  a  carry  and  salutes  as 
before. 

179.  A  mounted  sentinel  on  a  regular  post  halts,  faces, 
and  salutes  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing  rules.     If  do- 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  39 

ing  patrol  duty,  he  salutes,  but  does  not  halt  unless 
spoken  to. 

180.  Sentinels  salute,  in  accordance  with  the  foregoing 
rules,  all  persons  and  parties  entitled  to  compliments  from 
the  guard  (pars.^  224,  227,  and  228):  officers  of  the  Army, 
Navy,  and  Marine  Corps;  military  and  naval  officers  of 
foreign  powers;  officers  of  volunteers,  and  militia  officers 
when  in  uniform. 

181.  A  sentinel  salutes  as  just  prescribed  when  an  officer 
comes  on  his  post;  if  the  officer  holds  communication  with 
the  sentinel,  the  sentinel  again  salutes  when  the  officer 
leaves  him. 

During  the  hours  when  challenging  is  prescribed,  the 
first  salute  is  given  as  soon  as  the  officer  has  been  duly  rec- 
ognized and  advanced.  #  A  mounted  sentinel  armed  with 
a  rifle  or  pistol,  or  a  dismounted  sentinel  armed  with  a 
pistol,  does  not  salute  after  challenging. 

He  stands  at  advance  rifle  or  raise  pistol  until  the  officer 


182.  In  case  of  the  approach  of  an  armed  party  of  the 
guard,  the  sentinel  will  halt  when  it  is  about  30  paces 
from  him,  facing  toward  the  party  with  his  piece  at  the 
right  shoulder.  If  not  himself  relieved,  he  will,  as  the 
party  passes,  place  himself  so  that  the  party  will  pass  in 
front  of  him;  he  resumes  walking  his  post  when  the  party 
has  reached  6  paces  beyond  him. 

183.  An  officer  is  entitled  to  the  compliments  pre- 
scribed, whether  in  uniform  or  not. 

184.  A  sentinel  in  communication  with  an  officer  will 
not  interrupt  the  conversation  to  salute.  In  the  case  of 
seniors  the  officer  will  salute,  whereupon  the  sentinel  will 
salute. 

185.  When  the  flag  is  being  lowered  at  retreat,  a  sen- 
tinel on  post  and  in  view  of  the  flag  will  face  the  flag,  and, 
at  the  first  note  of  the  "Star  Spangled  Banner"  or  to  the 


40  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

color  will  come  to  a  present  arms.     At  the  sounding  of  the 
last  note  he  will  resume  walking  his  post. 

No.  12:  To  be  especially  watchful  at  night  and 
during  the  time  for  challenging,  to  challenge  all 
persons  on  or  near  my  post,  and  to  allow  no  one  to 
pass  without  proper  authority. 

186.  During  challenging  hours,  if  a  sentinel  sees  any 
person  or  party  on  or  near  his  post,  he  will  advance  rapidly 
along  his  post  toward  such  person  or  party  and  when 
within  about  30  yards  will  challenge  sharply,  "HALT. 
Who  is  there?"  He  will  place  himself  in  the  best  pos- 
sible position  to  receive  or,  if  necessary,  to  arrest  the 
person  or  party. 

187.  In  case  a  mounted  party  be  challenged,  the  sen- 
tinel will  call,  "HALT.    DISMOUNT.    Who  is  there?" 

188.  The  sentinel  will  permit  only  one  of  any  party  to 
approach  him  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  countersign 
(pars.  209  to  217),  or  if  no  countersign  be  used,  of  being 
duly  recognized.  When  this  is  done  the  whole  party  is 
advanced,  i.  e.,  allowed  to  pass. 

189.  In  all  cases  the  sentinel  must  satisfy  himself 
beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  that  the  parties  are  what  they 
represent  themselves  to  be  and  have  a  right  to  pass.  If 
he  is  not  satisfied,  he  must  cause  them  to  stand  and  call  the 
corporal  of  the  guard .  So,  likewise,  if  he  have  no  authority 
to  pass  persons  with  the  countersign,  or  when  the  party 
has  not  the  countersign,  or  gives  an  incorrect  one. 

190.  A  sentinel  will  not  permit  any  person  to  approach 
so  close  as  to  prevent  the  proper  use  of  his  own  weapon 
before  recognizing  the  person  or  receiving  the  countersign. 

191.  When  two  or  more  persons  approach  in  one  party, 
the  sentinel  on  receiving  an  answer  that  indicates  that  some 
one  in  the  party  has  the  countersign,  will  say,  "Advance 
one  with  the  countersign,"  and,  if  the  countersign  is 
given  correctly,  will  then  say,  "Advance  (So  and  so)," 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  41 

repeating  the  answer  to  his  challenge.    Thus,  if  the  answer 
be,  "Relief  (friends  with  the  countersign,   patrol, 

etc.),"  the  sentinel  will  say,  "Advance  one  with  the 
countersign";  then,  "Advance  relief  (friends,  patrol, 

etc.)." 

192.  If  a  person  having  the  countersign  approach  alone, 
he  is  advanced  to  give  the  countersign.  Thus,  if  the 
answer  be,  "Friend  with  the  countersign  (or  officer 
of  the  day,  or  etc.),"  the  sentinel  will  say,  "Advance, 
friend  (or  officer  of  the  day,  or  etc.)  with  the  coun- 
tersign"; then,  "Advance,  friend  (or  officer  of  the 
day,  or  etc.)." 

193.  If  two  or  more  persons  approach  a  sentinel's  post 
from  different  directions  at  the  same  time,  all  such  per- 
sons are  challenged  in  turn  and  required  to  halt  and  to 
remain  halted  until  advanced. 

The  senior  is  first  advanced,  in  accordance  with  the 
foregoing  rules. 

194.  If  a  party  is  already  advanced  and  in  communi- 
cation with  a  sentinel,  the  latter  will  challenge  any  other 
party  that  may  approach;  if  the  party  challenged  be 
senior  to  the  one  already  on  his  post,  the  sentinel  will 
advance  the  new  party  at  once.  The  senior  may  allow 
him  to  advance  any  or  all  of  the  other  parties;  otherwise, 
the  sentinel  will  not  advance  any  of  them  until  the  senior 
leaves  him.  He  will  then  advance  the  senior  only  of  the 
remaining  parties,  and  so  on. 

195.  The  following  order  of  rank  will  govern  a  sentinel 
in  advancing  different  persons  or  parties  approaching  his 
post:  Commanding  officer,  officer  of  the  day,  officer  of  the 
guard,  officers,  patrols,  reliefs,  noncommissioned  officers 
of  the  guard  in  order  of  rank,  friends. 

196.  A  sentinel  will  never  allow  himself  to  be  surprised, 
nor  permit  two  parties  to  advance  upon  him  at  the  same 
time. 


42  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

197.  If  no  countersign  be  used,  the  rules  for  challenging 
are  the  same.  The  rules  for  advancing  parties  are  modi- 
fied only  as  follows:  Instead  of  saying  "Advance  (so  and 
so)  with  the  countersign,"  the  sentinel  will  say, 
"Advance  (so  and  so)  to  be  recognized."  Upon 
recognition  he  will  say,  "Advance  (so  and  so)." 

198.  Answers  to  a  sentinel's  challenge  intended  to  con- 
fuse or  mislead  him  are  prohibited,  but  the  use  of  such  an 
answer  as  "Friends  with  the  countersign,"  is  not  to 
be  understood  as  misleading,  but  as  the  usual  answer  made 
by  officers,  patrols,  etc.,  when  the  purpose  of  their  visit 
makes  it  desirable  that  their  official  capacity  should  not 
be  announced. 

SPECIAL  ORDERS  FOR  SENTINELS  AT  THE  POST  OF  THE 
GUARD. 

199.  Sentinels  posted  at  the  guard  will  be  required  to 
memorize  the  following: 

Between  reveille  and  retreat  to  turn  out  the  guard 
for  all  persons  designated  by  the  commanding 
officer,  for  all  colors  or  standards  not  cased,  and  in 
time  of  war  for  all  armed  parties  approaching  my 
post,  except  troops  at  drill  and  reliefs  and  detach- 
ments of  the  guard. 

At  night,  after  challenging  any  person  or  party, 
to  advance  no  one  but  call  the  corporal  of  the 
guard,  repeating  the  answer  to  the  challenge. 

200.  After  receiving  an  answer  to  his  challenge,  the 
sentinel  calls,  "Corporal  of  the  guard  (So  and  so)," 
repeating  the  answer  to  the  challenge. 

.    He  does  not  in  such  cases  repeat  the  number  of  his  post. 

201.  He  remains  in  the  position  assumed  in  challenging 
until  the  corporal  has  recognized  or  advanced  the  person 
or  party  challenged,  when  he  resumes  walking  his  post, 
or,  if  the  person  or  party  be  entitled  thereto,  he  salutes 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  43 

and,  as  soon  as  the  salute  has  been  acknowledged,  resumes 
walking  his  post. 

202.  The  sentinel  at  the  post  of  the  guard  will  be  noti- 
fied by  direction  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  presence 
in  camp  or  garrison  of  persons  entitled  to  the  compliment. 
(Par.  224.) 

203.  The  following  examples  illustrate  the  manner  in 
which  the  sentinel  at  the  post  of  the  guard  will  turn  out 
the  guard  upon  the  approach  of  persons  or  parties  entitled 
to  the  compliment  (pars.  224,  227,  and  228):  "Turn  out 
the  guard,  Commanding  Officer";  "Turn  out  the 
guard,  Governor  of  a  Territory";  "Turn  out  the 
guard,  national  colors";  "Turn  out  the  guard, 
armed  party";  etc. 

At  the  approach  of  the  new  guard  at  guard  mounting 
the  sentinel  will  call  "Turn  out  the  guard,  armed 
party." 

204.  Should  the  person  named  by  the  sentinel  not 
desire  the  guard  formed,  he  will  salute,  whereupon  the 
sentinel  will  call  "Never  mind  the  guard." 

205.  After  having  called  "Turn  out  the  guard,"  the 
sentinel  will  never  call  "Never  mind  the  guard,"  on 
the  approach  of  an  armed  party. 

206.  Though  the  guard  be  already  formed  he  will  not 
fail  to  call  "Turn  out  the  guard,"  as  required  in  his 
special  orders,  except  that  the  guard  will  not  be  turned 
out  for  any  person  while  his  senior  is  at  or  coming  to  the 
post  of  the  guard. 

207.  The  sentinels  at  the  post  of  the  guard  will  warn  the 
commander  of  the  approach  of  any  armed  body  and  of  the 
presence  in  the  vicinity  of  all  suspicious  or  disorderly 
persons. 

208.  In  case  of  fire  or  disorder  in  sight  or  hearing,  the 
sentinel  at  the  guardhouse  will  call  the  corporal  of  the 
guard  and  report  the  facts  to  him. 


44  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

COUNTERSIGNS  AND  PAROLES. 

209.  Forty-fourth  Article  of  War.  Any  person  be- 
longing to  the  armies  of  the  United  States  who  makes 
known  the  watchword  to  any  person  not  entitled  to  receive 
it,  according  to  the  rules  and  discipline  of  war,  or  presumes 
to  give  a  parole  or  watchword  different  from  that  which  he 
received,  shall  suffer  death  or  such  other  punishment  as  a 
court-martial  may  direct.     (See  par.  171.) 

210.  The  countersign  is  a  word  given  daily  from  the 
principal  headquarters  of  a  command  to  aid  guards  and 
sentinels  in  identifying  persons  who  may  be  authorized  to 
pass  at  night. 

It  is  given  to  such  persons  as  may  be  authorized  to  pass 
and  repass  sentinels'  posts  during  the  night,  and  to  officers, 
noncommissioned  officers,  and  sentinels  of  the  guard. 

211.  The  parole  is  a  word  used  as  a  check  on  the  coun- 
tersign in  order  to  obtain  more  accurate  identification  of 
persons.  It  is  imparted  only  to  those  who  are  entitled  to 
inspect  guards  and  to  commanders  of  guards. 

The  parole  or  countersign,  or  both,  are  sent  sealed  in  the 
form  of  an  order  to  those  entitled  to  them. 

212.  When  the  commander  of  the  guard  demands  the 
parole,  he  will  advance  and  receive  it  as  the  corporal  re- 
ceives the  countersign.     (See  par.  133.) 

213.  As  the  communications  containing  the  parole  and 
countersign  must  at  times  be  distributed  by  many  order- 
lies, the  parole  intrusted  to  many  officers,  and  the  counter- 
sign and  parole  to  many  officers  and  sentinels,  and  as  both 
the  countersign  and  parole  must,  for  large  commands,  be 
prepared  several  days  in  advance,  there  is  always  danger 
of  their  being  lost  or  becoming  known  to  persons  who  would 
make  improper  use  of  them;  moreover,  a  sentinel  is  too 
apt  to  take  it  for  granted  that  any  person  who  gives  the 
right  countersign  is  what  he  represents  himself  to  be; 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  45 

hence  for  outpost  duty  there  is  greater  security  in  omitting 
the  use  of  the  countersign  and  parole,  or  in  using  them 
with  great  caution.  The  chief  reliance  should  be  upon 
personal  recognition  or  identification  of  all  persons  claim- 
ing authority  to  pass. 

Persons  whose  sole  means  of  identification  is  the  counter- 
sign, or  concerning  whose  authority  to  pass  there  is  a  rea- 
sonable doubt,  should  not  be  allowed  to  pass  without  the 
authority  of  the  corporal  of  the  guard  after  proper  investi- 
gation; the  corporal  will  take  to  his  next  superior  any  per- 
son about  whom  he  is  not  competent  to  decide. 

214.  The  countersign  is  usually  the  name  of  a  battle; 
the  parole,  that  of  a  general  or  other  distinguished  person. 

215.  When  they  can  not  be  communicated  daily,  a  se- 
ries of  words  for  some  days  in  advance  may  be  sent  to  posts 
or  detachments  that  are  to  use  the  same  parole  or  counter- 
sign as  the  main  body. 

216.  If  the  countersign  be  lost,  or  if  a  member  of  the 
guard  desert  with  it,  the  commander  on  the  spot  will  sub- 
stitute another  for  it  and  report  the  case  at  once  to  head- 
quarters. 

217.  In  addition  to  the  countersign,  use  may  be  made 
of  preconcerted  signals,  such  as  striking  the  rifle  with  the 
hand  or  striking  the  hands  together  a  certain  number  of 
times,  as  agreed  upon.  Such  signals  may  be  used  only  by 
guards  that  occupy  exposed  points. 

They  are  used  before  the  countersign  is  given,  and  must 
not  be  communicated  to  anyone  not  entitled  to  know  the 
countersign.  Iheir  use  is  intended  to  prevent  the  sur- 
prise of  a  sentinel. 

In  the  daytime  signals  such  as  raising  a  cap  or  a  handker- 
chief in  a  prearranged  manner  may  be  used  by  sentinels  to 
communicate  with  the  guard  or  with  each  other. 


46  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

GUARD  PATROLS. 

218.  A  guard  patrol  consists  of  one  or  more  men  detailed 
for  the  performance  of  some  special  service  connected  with 
guard  duty. 

219.  If  the  patrol  be  required  to  go  beyond  the  chain  of 
sentinels,  the  officer  or  noncommissioned  officer  in  charge 
will  be  furnished  with  the  countersign,  and  the  outposts 
and  sentinels  warned. 

220.  If  challenged  by  a  sentinel,  the  patrol  is  halted  by 
its  commander,  and  the  noncommissioned  officer  accom- 
panying it  advances  alone  and  gives  the  countersign. 

WATCHMEN. 

221.  Enlisted  men  may  be  detailed  as  watchmen  or  as 
overseers  over  prisoners,  and  as  such  will  receive  their 
orders  and  perform  their  duties  as  the  commanding  officer 
may  direct. 

COMPLIMENTS  FROM  GUARDS. 

222.  The  compliment  from  a  guard  consists  in  the  guard 
turning  out  and  presenting  arms.  (See  par.  50.)  No  com- 
pliments will  be  paid  between  retreat  and  reveille  except 
as  provided  in  paragraphs  361  and  362,  nor  will  any  person 
other  than  those  named  in  paragraph  224  receive  the  com- 
pliment. 

223.  Though  a  guard  does  not  turn  out  between  retreat 
and  reveille  as  a  matter  of  compliment,  it  may  be  turned 
out  for  inspection  at  any  time  by  a  person  entitled  to  in- 
spect it. 

224.  Between  reveille  and  retreat  the  following  persons 
are  entitled  to  the  compliment:  The  President,  sovereign 
or  chief  magistrate  of  a  foreign  country,  and  members  of  a 
royal  family;    Vice  President;    President  and  President 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.        47 

pro  tempore  of  the  Senate;  American  and  foreign  ambas- 
sadors; members  of  the  Cabinet;  Chief  Justice;  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Representatives;  committees  of  Congress 
officially  visiting  a  military  post;  governors  within  their 
respective  States  and  Territories;  governors  general ;a As- 
sistant Secretary  of  War  officially  visiting  a  military  post; 
all  general  officers  of  the  Army;  general  officers  of  foreign 
services  visiting  a  post;  naval,  marine,  volunteer,  and 
militia  officers  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  and 
holding  the  rank  of  general  officer;  American  or  foreign 
envoys  or  ministers;  ministers  accredited  to  the  United 
States;  charges  d'affaires  accreditedto  the  United  States; 
consuls  general  accredited  to  the  United  States;  command- 
ing officer  of  a  coast  artillery  district,  coast  defense  com- 
mand, post,  fort,  or  camp;  officer  of  the  day.  (C.  M.  I. 
G.D.,  No.l.) 

225.  The  relative  rank  between  officers  of  the  Army 
and  Navy  is  as  follows:  General  with  admiral,  lieutenant 
general  with  vice  admiral,  major  general  with  rear  admiral, 
brigadier  general  with  commodore, b  colonel  with  captain, 
lieutenant  colonel  with  commander,  major  with  lieuten- 
ant commander,  captain  with  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant 
with  lieutenant  (junior  grade),  second  lieutenant  with 
ensign.     (A.  R.  12.) 

226.  Sentinels  will  not  be  required  to  memorize  para- 
graph 224,  and  except  in  the  cases  of  general  officers  of  the 
Army,  the  commanding  officer,  and  the  officer  of  the  day, 
they  will  be  advised  in  each  case  of  the  presence  in  camp 
or  garrison  of  persons  entitled  to  the  compliment. 

227.  Guards  will  turn  out  and  present  arms  when  the 
national  or  regimental  colors  or  standards,  not  cased,  are 

a  The  terra  "governors  general"  shall  be  taken  to  mean  administra- 
tive officers  under  whom  officers  with  the  title  of  governor  are  acting. 

&  The  grade  of  commodore  ceased  to  exist  as  a  grade  on  the  active  list 
of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  on  Mar.  3,  1899.  By  section  7  of  the 
act  of  Mar.  3,  1899,  the  nine  junior  rear  admirals  are  authorized  to 
receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  a  brigadier  general  of  the  Army. 


48  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

carried  past  by  a  guard  or  an  armed  party.  This  rule  also 
applies  when  the  party  carrying  the  colors  is  at  drill.  If 
the  drill  is  conducted  in  the  vicinity  of  the  guardhouse,  the 
guard  will  be  turned  out  when  the  colors  first  pass,  and  not 
thereafter. 

228.  In  case  the  remains  of  a  deceased  officer  or  soldier 
are  carried  past,  the  guard  will  turn  out  and  present  arms. 

229.  In  time  of  war  all  guards  will  turn  out  under  arms 
when  armed  parties,  except  troops  at  drill  and  reliefs  or 
detachments  of  the  guard,  approach  their  post.  (See 
par.  53.) 

230.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  be  notified  of 
the  presence  in  camp  or  garrison  of  all  persons  entitled  to 
the  compliment,  except  general  officers  of  the  Army,  the 
commanding  officer,  and  the  officer  of  the  day.  Members 
of  the  guard  will  salute  all  persons  entitled  to  the  compli- 
ment and  all  officers  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of 
foreign  powers,  officers  of  the  Army,  Navy,  and  Marine 
Corps,  officers  of  volunteers,  and  officers  of  militia  when  in 
uniform. 

GENERAL  RULES  CONCERNING  GUARD  DUTY. 

231.  Thirty-sixth  Article  of  War.  No  soldier  shall 
hire  another  to  do  his  duty  for  him. 

232.  Thirty-eighth  Article  of  War.  Any  soldier  who 
is  found  drunk  on  his  guard,  party,  or  other  duty  shall 
suffer  such  punishment  as  a  court-martial  may  direct. 

233.  All  material  instructions  given  to  a  member  of  the 
guard  by  an  officer  having  authority  will  be  promptly 
communicated  to  the  commander  of  the  guard  by  the  offi- 
cer giving  them. 

234.  Should  the  guard  be  formed,  soldiers  will  fall  in 
ranks  under  arms.  At  roll  call,  each  man,  as  his  name  or 
number  and  relief  are  called,  will  answer  "Here,"  and 
come  to  an  order  arms. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  49 

235.  Whenever  the  guard  or  a  relief  is  dismissed,  each 
member  not  at  once  required  for  duty  will  place  his  rifle 
in  the  arms  racks,  if  they  be  provided,  and  will  not  remove 
it  therefrom  unless  he  requires  it  in  the  performance  of 
some  duty. 

236.  Without  permission  from  the  commander  of  the 
guard,  members  of  the  main  guard,  except  orderlies,  will 
not  leave  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  guard  house.  Per- 
mission to  leave  will  not  be  granted  except  in  cases  of 
necessity. 

237.  Members  of  the  main  guard,  except  orderlies,  will 
not  remove  their  accouterments  or  clothing  without  per- 
mission from  the  commander  of  the  guard.     (Par.  66.) 

PRISONERS. 

238.  Articles  of  war  66,  67,  68,  69,  and  70  have  special 
reference  to  the  confinement  of  prisoners  and  should  be 
carefully  borne  in  mind. 

239.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  place  a  civilian 
in  confinement  on  an  order  from  higher  authority  only, 
unless  such  civilian  is  arrested  while  in  the  act  of  commit- 
ting some  crime  within  the  limits  of  the  military  jurisdic- 
tion; in  which  case  the  commanding  officer  will  be  im- 
mediately notified. 

240.  Except  as  provided  in  the  twenty-fourth  article  of 
war,  or  when  restraint  is  necessary,  no  soldier  will  be  con- 
fined without  the  order  of  an  officer,  who  shall  previously 
inquire  into  his  offense.     (A.  R.  930.) 

241.  An  officer  ordering  a  soldier  into  confinement  will 
send,  as  soon  as  practicable,  a  written  statement,  signed  by 
himself,  to  the  commander  of  the  guard,  setting  forth  the 
name,  company  and  regiment  of  such  soldier,  and  a  brief 
statement  of  the  alleged  offense.     It  is  a  sufficient  state- 

93592°— 17 4 


50  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

rnent  of  the  offense  to  give  the  number  and  article  of  war 
under  which  the  soldier  is  charged. 

242.  A  prisoner,  after  his  first  day  of  confinement,  and 
until  his  sentence  has  been  duly  promulgated,  is  considered 
as  held  in  confinement  by  the  commanding  officer.  After 
due  promulgation  of  his  sentence,  the  prisoner  is  held  in 
confinement  by  authority  of  the  officer  who  reviews  the 
proceedings  of  the  court  awarding  sentence.  The  com- 
mander of  the  guard  will  state  in  his  report,  in  the  proper 
place,  the  name  of  the  officer  by  whom  the  prisoner  was 
originally  confined. 

243.  Enlisted  men  against  whom  charges  have  been  pre- 
ferred will  be  designated  as  ''awaiting  trial";  enlisted  men 
who  have  been  tried  will,  prior  to  the  promulgation  of  the 
result,  be  designated  as  "awaiting  result  of  trial";  en- 
listed men  serving  sentence  of  confinement,  not  involving 
dishonorable  discharge,  will  be  designated  as  "garrison 
prisoners."  Persons  sentenced  to  dismissal  or  dishonor- 
able discharge  and  to  terms  of  confinement  at  military  posts 
or  elsewhere  will  be  designated  as  "general  prisoners." 
(A.  R.  928.) 

244.  The  sentences  of  prisoners  will  be  read  to  them 
when  the  order  promulgating  the  same  is  received.  The 
officer  of  the  guard,  or  the  officer  of  the  day  if  there  be  no 
officer  of  the  guard,  will  read  them  unless  the  commanding 
officer  shall  direct  otherwise. 

245.  When  the  date  for  the  commencement  of  a  term 
of  confinement  imposed  by  sentence  of  a  court-martial  is 
not  expressly  fixed  by  sentence,  the  term  of  confinement 
begins  on  the  date  of  the  order  promulgating  it.  The  sen- 
tence is  continuous  until  the  term  expires,  except  when  the 
person  sentenced  is  absent  without  authority.     (A.  R.  969.) 

246.  When  soldiers  awaiting  trial  or  the  result  of  trial, 
or  undergoing  sentence,  commit  offenses  for  which  they 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  51 

are  tried,  the  second  sentence  will  be  executed  npon  the 
expiration  of  the  first. 

247.  Prisoners  awaiting  trial  by,  or  undergoing  sentence 
of  a  general  court-martial,  and  those  confined  for  serious 
offenses,  will  be  kept  apart,  when  practicable,  from  those 
confined  by  sentence  of  an  inferior  court,  or  for  minor  of- 
fenses. Enlisted  men  in  confinement  for  minor  offenses,  or 
awaiting  trial  or  the  result  of  trial  for  the  same,  will  ordi- 
narily be  sent  to  work  under  charge  of  unarmed  overseers 
instead  of  armed  sentinels,  and  will  be  required  to  attend 
drills  unless  the  commanding  officer  shall  direct  otherwise. 

248.  Prisoners,  other  than  general  prisoners,  will  be  fur- 
nished with  food  from  their  respective  companies  or  from 
the  organizations  to  which  they  may  be  temporarily 
attached. 

The  food  of  prisoners  will,  when  practicable,  be  sent  to 
their  places  of  confinement,  but  post  commanders  may 
arrange  to  send  the  prisoners,  under  proper  guard,  to  their 
messes  for  meals. 

When  there  is  no  special  mess  for  general  prisoners,  they 
will  be  attached  for  rations  to  companies. 

Enlisted  men  bringing  meals  for  the  prisoners  will  not  be 
allowed  to  enter  the  prison  room.     (See  par.  289.) 

249.  With  the  exception  of  those  specially  designated 
by  the  commanding  officer,  no  prisoners  will  be  allowed  to 
leave  the  guard  house  unless  under  charge  of  a  sentinel  and 
passed  by  an  officer  or  noncommissioned  officer  of  the  guard . 
The  commanding  officer  may  authorize  certain  garrison 
prisoners  and  paroled  general  prisoners  to  leave  the  guard 
house,  not  under  the  charge  of  a  sentinel,  for  the  purpose  of 
working  outside  under  such  surveillance  and  restrictions 
as  he  may  impose. 

250.  Prisoners  reporting  themselves  sick  at  sick  call,  or 
at  the  time  designated  by  the  commanding  officer,  will  be 
sent  to  the  hospital  under  charge  of  proper  guard,  with  a 


52  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

sick  report  kept  for  trie  purpose.  The  recommendation  of 
the  surgeon  will  be  entered  in  the  guard  report. 

251.  The  security  of  sick  prisoners  in  the  hospital  de- 
volves upon  the  post  surgeon,  who  will,  if  necessary,  apply 
to  the  post  commander  for  a  guard. 

2  52.  Prisoners  will  be  paraded  with  the  guard  only  when 
directed  by  the  commanding  officer  or  the  officer  of  the  day. 

253.  A  prisoner  under  charge  of  a  sentinel  will  not  salute 
an  officer. 

254.  All  serviceable  clothing  which  belongs  to  a  pris- 
oner, and  his  blankets,  will  accompany  him  to  the  post 
designated  for  his  confinement,  and  will  be  fully  itemized  on 
the  clothing  list  sent  to  that  post.  The  guard  in  charge  of 
the  prisoner  during  transfer  will  be  furnished  with  a  dupli- 
cate of  this  list  and  will  be  held  responsible  for  the  delivery 
of  all  articles  itemized  therein,  with  the  prisoner.  At  least 
one  serviceable  woolen  blanket  will  be  sent  with  every 
such  prisoner  so  transferred.     (A.  R.  939.) 

255.  When  mattresses  are  not  supplied,  each  prisoner  in 
the  guard  house  will  be  allowed  a  bed  sack  and  30  pounds  of 
straw  per  month  for  bedding.  So  far  as  practicable,  iron 
bunks  will  be  furnished  to  all  prisoners  in  post  guard 
houses  and  prison  rooms.     (A.  R.  1084.) 

256.  If  the  number  of  prisoners,  including  general  pris- 
oners, confined  at  a  post  justifies  it,  the  commanding  officer 
will  detail  a  commissioned  officer  as  "officer  in  charge  of 
prisoners."  At  posts  where  the  average  number  of  pris- 
oners continually  in  confinement  is  less  than  12,  the  detail 
of  an  officer  in  charge  of  prisoners  will  not  be  made. 

RULES  AND   REGULATIONS   FOR  THE   GOVERNMENT   OF 
GENERAL  PRISONERS  AT  POSTS. 

257.  The  officer  in  charge  of  prisoners,  when  one  is  de- 
tailed, will  make  a  daily  inspection  of  the  cells  and  prison 
rooms  and  will  inspect  the_  food  and  submit  to  the  com- 
manding officer  any  complaints  about  the  same. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  53 

258.  He  will  have  charge  of  the  property,  money,  and 
valuables  belonging  to  general  prisoners,  which  they  are 
not  permitted  to  keep  in  their  possession,  and  will  dis- 
burse said  money,  when  desired  by  the  owner,  for  pur- 
poses approved  by  the  commanding  officer.  _  If  there  be  no 
officer  in  charge  of  prisoners,  this  duty  will  be  intrusted 
to  the  adjutant. 

259.  No  general  prisoner  will  be  released  from  confine- 
ment except  on  an  order  communicated  by  the  command- 
ing officer,  who,  before  giving  such  order,  will  verify  the 
date  of  expiration  of  the  prisoner's  sentence  by  examining 
all  orders  fixing  or  modifying  the  term  of  confinement. 

260.  The  following  records  and  reports  will  be  kept: 
Record  of  general  prisoner,  on  blank  supplied  by  the 
Adjutant  General's  Department;  morning  report,  and  cloth- 
ing book  (ordinary  blank  book  without  specail  ruling  fur- 
nished by  the  Quartermaster's  Department). 

261.  Paragraphs  262  to  295  of  this  manual  will  be  read 
to  or  by  every  general  prisoner  as  soon  as  practicable 
after  his  ./confinement,  ana  a  copy  of  these  rules  and  regu- 
lations, which  will  be  furnished  by  the  Adjutant  General's 
Department,  will  be  kept  posted  in  each  cell  and  room. 

262.  After  a  general  prisoner,  who  is  serving  sentence 
at  a  post,  has  served  one-half  of  his  sentence,  he  may  sub- 
mit to  the  commanding  officer  of  the  post  an  application 
to  be  placed  upon  parole  during  working  hours  for  the 
remainder  of  the  term  of  confinement.  Such  application 
will  contain  a  pledge  on  the  part  of  the  applicant  to  comply 
with  all  general  conditions  under  which  general  prisoners 
may  be  paroled,  and  also  with  any  special  requirements 
that  may  from  time  to  time  be  made  of  him.  Upon  receipt 
of  such  an  application,  the  post  commander  may,  in  the 
exercise  of  his  discretion,  parole  the  prisoner  d  iring  work- 
ing hours  for  work  in  the  Quartermaster  Corps  upon  con- 
dition that  if  the  prisoner's  conduct  is  not  good  the  parole 


54  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

status  will  be  forfeited.  The  granting  of  the  qualified 
parole  here  authorized  does  not  constitute  a  release  of  the 
prisoner  from  military  custody  or  control,  but  merely 
authorizes  a  relaxation  of  the  strict  rule  which  would  other- 
wise require  the  presence  of  a  guard  whenever  the  prisoner 
is  outside  of  the  guardhouse.  In  determining  what  con- 
stitutes one-half  of  a  sentence  the^  calculation  will  be 
based  upon  the  prisoner's  #  term  without  deduction  for 
good  conduct.  The  authorized  abatement  for  good  con- 
duct will  continue  to  accrue  during  the  good  conduct  of  a 
general  prisoner  on  parole.  (A.  R.  943).  No  paroled 
general  prisoner  will  be  employed  about  the  post  exchange 
or  the  quarters  of  any  officer  except  as  a  mechanic  or 
laborer  under  the  direction  of  the  quartermaster. 

263.  Every  general  prisoner  on  admission  will  be  mi- 
nutely searched  and  will  be  permitted  to  retain  in  his  pos- 
session only  proper  clothing  and  necessary  toilet  articles. 
He  will  then  be  required  to  bathe,  his  hair  will  be  cut 
close,  and  his  beard,  whiskers,  and  mustache  trimmed. 

264.  General  prisoners  will  bathe  at  least  onc^  a  week 
and  will  wear  their  hair  short.  The  hair  and  beard  of  a 
general  prisoner  may  be  allowed  to  grow  during  the  last 
month  of  his  confinement. 

265.  All  articles  of  personal  property  taken  from  a 
general  prisoner  will  be  marked  with  his  name  and  stored 
until  he  is  released,  when  they  will  be  returned  to  him. 

266.  The  prison  rooms  will  be  properly  policed,  good 
order  and  quiet  demeanor  maintained,  and  necessary 
measures  taken  for  security.  The  names  of  occupants  of 
cells  will  be  posted  on  the  doors.  Each  cell  and  prison 
room  will  be  inspected  at  least  once  a  day  for  the  purpose 
of  detecting  contraband  articles  and  of  seeing  whether 
any  alterations  have  been  made  or  attempted  which  might 
facilitate  escape. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  55 

267.  The  diet  of  general  prisoners  shall  be  determined 
by  the  commanding  officer.  A  general  prisoner  confined 
on  bread-and-water  diet  will  receive  an  allowance  of  18 
ounces  of  bread  each  day  and  as  much  water  as  he  may 
desire. 

268.  Meals  will  be  served  in  prison  rooms  or  cells  when 
no  separate  mess  is  provided .  Ample  time  and  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  food  will  be  allowed  for  each  meal. 

269.  Each  general  prisoner  will  be  furnished  with  and 
will  have  at  all  times  one  complete  suit  of  outer  clothing, 
two  complete  suits  of  underclothing,  one  pair  of  shoes,  one 
hat,  and  one  or  two  blankets,  depending  on  the  tempera- 
ture. The  outer  clothing  of  general  prisoners  will  be  con- 
spicuously marked  "P"  and  divested  of  .all  ornament. 
When  released  such  prisoner  will  have  in  his  possession  a 
serviceable  suit  of  clothing,  the  outer  garments  bearing  no 
prison  mark. 

270.  At  the  weekly  inspection  each  general  prisoner 
will  stand  by  his  bed  or  bunk,  and  the  inspecting  officer 
will  see  that  the  rules  for  cleanliness  have  been  observed. 
The  bedding  and  clothing  will  be  folded,  clothing  on  top 
of  the  bedding.  General  prisoners  will  be  held  to  a  strict 
accountability  for  clothing  in  their  possession,  and  they 
are  forbidden  to  alter  it  without  authority. 

271.  General  prisoners  will  be  kept  at  hard  labor  daily 
except  Sunday,  January  1,  February  22,  May  30,  July  4, 
Labor  Day,  Thanksgiving  Day,  and  Christmas  Day,  but  in 
case  of  pressing  necessity  they  may  be  employed  on  these 
days.  So  far  as  practicable,  they  will  perform  all  scaven- 
ger duties  at  the  post.  They  will  not  be  employed  in  cul- 
tivating company  or  private  gardens,  nor  upon  ordinary 
police  about  stables  cr  barracks. 

272.  General  prisoners  who  desire  an  interview  with  the 
commanding  officer  will  make  application  to  the  officer  in 
charge,  stating  the  purpose.    The  officer  in  charge  will 


56  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

receive  oral  complaints  which  may  be  made  by  them,  and 
will  notify  them  of  his  action.  Complaints  in  writing  will 
also  be  addressed  to  him,  and  will  be  laid  before  the  com- 
manding officer  with  such  information  as  he  may  possess 
bearing  on  the  case.  If  there  be  no  officer  detailed  in 
charge  of  prisoners,  the  officer  of  the  day  will  receive  appli- 
cation for  interviews,  complaints,  etc.,  under  this  para- 
graph. 

273.  Wrongs  will  be  righted,  if  possible,  but  those  who 
make  frivolous  or  untruthful  complaints  will  be  punished. 
General  prisoners  will  be  permitted  to  submit  explanations 
for  offenses  for  which  reported.  No  general  prisoner  will 
sign  any  protest  or  petition  in  conjunction  with  other  pris- 
oners; each  will  make  his  own  complaints  or  requests. 

274.  A  record  will  be  kept  of  all  reports  against  general 
prisoners,  with  the  disciplinary  punishment  awarded  in 
each  case. 

275.  Except  as  otherwise  ordered  by  the  commanding 
officer,  general  prisoners  will  be  constantly  under  charge  of 
the  guard,  and  in  the  event  of  mutiny,  attempted  outbreak 
or  escape,  or  any  disorder  immediate  action  will  be  taken 
by  the  guard  and  enough  force  used  to  restore  order.  The 
force  used  in  any  case  will  be  limited  to  that  necessary  to 
the  enforcement  of  these  rules,  the  preservation  of  order, 
and  the  proper  control  of  prisoners. 

276.  No  disciplinary  punishment  will  be  inflicted  upon 
general  prisoners  unless  by  direction  of  the  commanding 
officer,  and  then  only  after  a  full  investigation  of  each  case. 

277^  A  general  prisoner  who  violates  any  of  these  rules, 
who  is  insolent,  insubordinate,  disrespectful,  or  disorderly, 
or  who  uses  indecent  or  profane  language  may  be  disci- 
plined by- 
fa^  Being  deprived  of  a  meal. 
(b)  Being  locked  in  his  cell  when  not  at  work. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  57 

(c)  Performing  extra  hard  or  disagreeable  labor. 

(c?)  Solitary  confinement  on  bread-and-water  diet. 

(e)  Forfeiture  of  good-conduct  time. 

In  addition  to  being  disciplined  as  indicated  he  may  also 
be  tried  by  court-martial  if  the  gravity  of  the  offense  so 
demands. 

Solitary  confinement  on  bread  and  water  will  not  exceed 
14  consecutive  days  at  any  one  period,  and  will  not  be 
repeated  until  an  interval  of  14  days  shall  have  elapsed  and 
shall  not  exceed  84  days  in  one  year. 

278.  No  good-conduct  time  can  be  forfeited  in  advance. 
When  it  is  necessary  to  discipline  a  general  prisoner  who 
has  none  to  his  credit,  the  punishment  must  take  some 
other  form. 

279.  Any  general  prisoner  who  attempts  to  escape  will 
forfeit  all  good-conduct  time  previously  earned.  A  recap- 
tured prisoner  will  suffer  the  same  forfeiture.  In  either 
case,  the  prisoner  may,  in  addition,  be  tried  by  court- 
martial. 

280.  A  general  prisoner  who  refuses  to  work  may,  for  the 
first  offense,  be  closely  confined  and  deprived  of  his  next 
meal,  but  food  will  be  allowed  him  as  soon  as  he  consents 
to  resume  work;  and  he  may  be  further  punished  for  his 
offense  by  loss  of  not  more  than  20  days'  good-conduct 
time,  or  by  being  locked  in  his  cell  for  not  more  than  30 
days,  except  when  at  work. 

281.  Letters  will  be  sent  out  by  general  prisoners 
through  the  officer  in  charge  or  officer  of  the  day.  Each 
prisoner  will  be  permitted  to  write  to  his  family  or  friends 
once  in  each  month,  all  letters  to  be  submitted  unsealed 
(without  stamp  or  envelope)  for  inspection.  Paper  will  be 
furnished  to  prisoners  for  official  as  well  as  private  com- 
munications. 

282.  Prison  authorities  without  the  consent  of  a  general 
prisoner  will  not  open  and  inspect  letters  addressed  to 


58  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

him.  Such  letters  may,  however,  be  retained  unopened 
until  the  prisoner  is  released,  or  his  letters  otherwise  dis- 
posed of  under  judicial  process. 

283.  General  prisoners  will  be  permitted  to  make  appli- 
cation for  clemency  as  soon  after  their  arrival  at  a  post  for 
confinement  as  they  may  desire,  but  thereafter  not  until 
six  months  shall  have  elapsed  since  the  date  of  final  action 
upon  the  last  application.  Applications  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  officer  in  charge  (or  the  officer  of  the  day), 
but  applicants  may  state  to  what  authority  they  wish  to 
appeal. 

284.  Applications  for  clemency  should  be  based  on 
reasonable  grounds.  Good  conduct  is  rewarded  by  an 
allowance  of  good-conduct  time,  but  does  not  of  itself  fur- 
nish any  claim  to  clemency  or  further  mitigation  of  sen- 
tence. _  It  will  aid,  however,  in  obtaining  favorable  con- 
sideration for  applications  based  upon  other  grounds. 

285.  General  prisoners,  other  than  those  confined  in 
penitentiaries,  will  be  allowed  in  abatement  of  their  terms 
of  confinement,  when  serving  sentences  of  over  3  months 
and  not  over  12  months,  5  days  for  each  complete  period 
of  25  days  during  the  whole  of  which  their  conduct  has 
been  good ;  but  the  abatement  of  5  days  so  authorized  shall 
not  have  the  effect  in  any  case  of  reducing  the  confinement 
below  3  months.  On  sentences  exceeding  1  year  there 
will  be  allowed  the  foregoing  abatement  for  the  first  year 
of  the  sentence,  including  abatement,  and  thereafter  10 
days  for  each  complete  period  of  20  days  during  the  whole 
of  which  the  conduct  of  the  prisoners  has  been  good. 
Abatements  thus  authorized  may  be  forfeited  wholly  or  in 
part  by  subsequent  misconduct,  such  forfeiture  to  be 
determined  by  the  commanding  officer  of  the  post  where 
the  prisoner  is  confined.  A  general  prisoner  serving  sen- 
tence in  a  penitentiary  will  receive  the  abatement  author- 
ized for  convicts  in  that  penitentiary.     (A.  R*.  942.) 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GTJARD  DUTY.  59 

286.  In  order  to  secure  uniformity  in  computing  abate- 
ment of  terms  of  confinement,  the  following  method  of 
computation  will  be  used: 

A  general  prisoner  will  be  credited  at  the  beginning  of 
his  confinement  with  all  the  good-conduct  time  that  can 
be  earned  in  his  case  during  the  entire  period  of  his  sen- 
tence. All  months  will  be  assumed  to  consist  of  30  days. 
When  forfeitures  of  good-conduct  time  are  imposed  they 
will  be  deducted  from  the  amount  of  the  prisoner's  credit, 
but  care  will  be  taken  not  to  impose  or  deduct  a  forfeiture 
in  excess  of  the  amount  of  good-conduct  time  that  has 
actually  been  earned  at  date  of  forfeiture.  (A.  R.  942.) 
Exceptwhen  the  loss  of  good-conduct  time  is  prescribed 
for  specific  offenses,  the  other  minor  penalties  enumerated 
in  paragraph  275  will  ordinarily  be  inflicted  before  resort 
is  had  to  loss  of  good -conduct  time. 

287.  Talking,  gazing  about,  or  laughing  in  ranks  is  pro- 
hibited. m  General  prisoners  who  are  not  at  work  will  stand 
at  attention  when  addressed  by  an  officer  or  noncommis- 
sioned officer.  Those  at  work  will,  under  no  circum- 
stances, leave  their  places  of  employment  without  the  per- 
mission of  the  noncommissioned  officer  or  sentinel  in  charge 
of  the  party. 

288.  A  general  prisoner  desiring  to  speak  to  a  sentinel 
will  hold  up  his  hand  as  a  signal  for  the  desired  permission. 

289.  No  persons  will  be  permitted  to  enter  the  prison 
rooms  without  authority  from  the  commanding  officer,  the 
officer  of  the  day,  or  the  officer  in  charge. 

290.  The  beds  will  be  neatly  made  up  as  soon  as  the 
cells  are  unlocked.  The  night  buckets  will  be  emptied, 
cleaned,  and  put  in  the  place  provided  for  them  during  the 
day.  A  small  quantity  of  disinfecting  fluid  will  be  placed 
in  each  bucket,  and  the  buckets  will  be  taken  into  the  cells 
immediately  after  supper. 


60  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

291.  Spitting  on  the  walls  or  floors  of  cells  and  prison 
rooms,  or  defacing  them,  is  forbidden.  Any  general  pris- 
oner who  makes  unnecessary  litter  or  dirt  in  the  prison  will 
be  reported  to  the  officer  in  charge  or  officer  of  the  day. 

292.  Trafficking  with  general  prisoners  is  forbidden. 

293.  General  prisoners  will  be  in  bed  at  taps.^  Loud 
talking  or  loud  noises  of  any  kind  will  not  be  permitted  at 
any  time.    Strict  silence  is  enjoined  after  tattoo. 

294.  General  prisoners  will  be  respectful  in  their  treat- 
ment of  one  another.  They  are  forbidden  to  hold  any  con- 
versation with  soldiers  or  citizens,  except  on  a  matter  of 
duty,  without  authority  from  the  commanding  officer, 
officer  of  the  day,  or  officer  in  charge. 

295.  A  record  of  all  violations  of  these  rules  will  be  kept 
by  the  provost  sergeant  or  commander  of  the  guard,  and 
report  of  the  same  will  be  made  to  the  officer  in  charge  of 
prisoners  or  the  officer  of  the  day,  in  time  to  accompany 
the  morning  report  of  general  prisoners. 

296.  The  foregoing  rules  will  be  enforced  with  reference 
to  garrison  prisoners  so  far  as  applicable. 

297.  Garrison  prisoners  will  be  allowed  in  abatement 
of  their  terms  of  confinement  when  serving  sentences  of 
1  month,  5  days  for  good  conduct.  On  sentences  ex- 
ceeding 1  month  they  will  be  allowed  the  foregoing 
abatement  for  the  first,  month  of  the  sentence,  and  there- 
after 10  days  for  each  complete  period  of  20  days  during 
the  whole  of  which  their  conduct  has  been  good.  Abate- 
ments thus  authorized  may  be  forfeited,  wholly  or  in  part, 
by  subsequent  misconduct,  such  forfeiture  to  be  deter- 
mined by  the  commanding  officer  of  the  post  where  the 
prisoner  is  confined.    (A.  R.  942.) 

298.  After  a  garrison  prisoner  has  served  one-half  of  his 
sentence  he  may,  if  his  enlistment  has  not  expired,  sub- 
mit to  the  commander  of  the  post  where  the  sentence  is 
being  executed  a  request  to  be  put  on  probation  for  the 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  61 

remainder  of  the  term  of  confinement  adjudged,  and  upon 
the  request  being  granted  the  soldier  will  be  restored  to 
duty  upon  condition  that  if  his  conduct  is  not  good  while 
on  probation  he  will  be  required  to  serve  the  remainder  of 
his  sentence.  In  determining  what  constituted  one-half 
of  a  sentence  the  calculation  will  be  based  upon  the 
prisoner's  term  without  deduction  for  good  conduct. 
The  authorized  abatement  for  good  conduct  will  con- 
tinue to  accrue  during  the  good  conduct  of  a  garrison 
prisoner  on  probation.     (A.  II .  943.) 

GUARDING  PRISONERS. 

299.  The  sentinel  at  the  post  of  the  guard  has  charge 
of  the  prisoners  except  when  they  have  been  turned  over 
to  the  prisoner  guard  or  overseers.  (Par.  247  and  300 
to  304.) 

(a)  He  will  allow  none  to  escape. 

(b)  He  will  allow  none  to  cross  his  post  leaving 
the  guardhouse  except  when  passed  by  an  officer  or 
noncommissioned  officer  of  the  guard. 

(c)  He  will  allow  no  one  to  communicate  with 
prisoners  without  permission  from  proper  author- 
ity. 

(d)  He  will  promptly  report  to  the  corporal  of  the 
guard  any  suspicious  noise  made  by  the  prisoners. 

(e)  He  will  be  prepared  to  tell  whenever  asked 
how  many  prisoners  are  in  the  guardhouse  and 
how  many  are  out  at  work  or  elsewhere. 

Whenever  prisoners  are  brought  to  his  post  returning 
from  work  or  elsewhere,  he  will  halt  them  and  call  the 
corporal  of  the  guard,  notifying  him  of  the  number  of 
prisoners  returning.  Thus:  "Corporal  of  the  guard, 
(so  many)  prisoners." 


62  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

He  will  not  allow  prisoners  to  pass  info  the  guardhouse 
until  the  corporal  of  the  guard  has  responded  to  the  call 
and  ordered  him  to  do  so. 

300.  Whenever  practicable  special  guards  will  be  de- 
tailed for  the  particular  duty  of  guarding  working  parties 
composed  of  such  prisoners  as  can  not  be  placed  under 
overseers.     (Par.  247.) 

301.  The  prisoner  guard  and  overseers  will  be  com- 
manded by  the  police  officer;  if  there  be  no  police  officer, 
then  by  the  officer  of  the  day. 

302.  The  provost  sergeant  is  sergeant  of  the  prisoner 
guard  and  overseers,  and  as  such  receives  orders  from  the 
commanding  officer  and  the  commander  of  the  prisoner 
guard  only. 

303.  Details  for  prisoner  guard  ^  are  marched  to  the 
guardhouse  and  mounted  by  being  inspected  by  the  com- 
mander of  the  main  guard,  who  determines  whether  all 
of  the  men  are  in  proper  condition  to  perform  their  duties 
and  whether  their  arms  and  equipments  are  in  proper 
condition,  and  rejects  any  men  found  unfit. 

304.  When  prisoners  have  been  turned  over  to  the  pris- 
oner guard  or  overseers,  such  guards  or  overseers  are 
responsible  for  them  under  their  commander,  and  all 
responsibility  and  control  of  the  main  guard  ceases  until 
they  are  returned  to  the  main  guard.     (Par.  306. )_ 

305.  If  a  prisoner  attempts  to  escape,  the  sentinal  will 
call  "Halt"  If  he  fails  to  halt  when  the  sentinel  has 
once  repeated  his  call,  and  if  there  be  no  other  possible 
means  of  preventing  his  escape,  the  sentinel  will  fire  upon 
him. 


MANUAL.  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  63 

The  following  will  more  fully  explain  the  important 
duties  of  a  sentinel  in  this  connection: 

(Circular.)  War  Department, 

Adjutant  General's  Office, 

Washington,  November  1, 1887. 
By  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  "War  the  following  is  published  for  the 
information  of  the  Army: 

United  States  Circuit  Court,  Eastern  District  of  Michigan,  August  1, 1887. 

The  United  States  v.  James  Clark. 

The  circuit  court  has  jurisdiction  of  a  homicide  committed  by  one  soldier 
upon  another  within  a  military  reservation  of  the  United  States. 

If  a  homicide  be  committed  by  a  military  guard  without  malice  and  in 
the  performance  of  his  supposed  duty  as  a  soldier,  such  homicide  is 
excusable,  unless  it  was  manifestly  beyond  the  scope  of  his  author- 
ity or  was  such  that  a  man  of  ordinary  sense  and  understanding 
would  know  that  it  was  illegal. 

It  seems  that  the  sergeant  of  the  guard  has  a  right  to  shoot  a  military 
convict  if  there  be  no  other  possible  means  of  preventing  his  escape. 

The  common-law  distinction  between  felonies  and  misdemeanors  has 
no  application  to  military  offenses. 

While  the  finding  of  a  court  of  inquiry  acquitting  the  prisoner  of  all 
blame  is  not  a  legal  bar  to  a  prosecution,  it  is  entitled  to  weight  as 
an  expression  of  the  views  of  the  military  court  of  the  necessity  of 
using  a  musket  to  prevent  the  escape  of  the  deceased. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War: 

R.  C.  Drum, 
Adjutant  General. 

The  following  is  taken  from  Circular  No.  3  of  1883,  from 
Headquarters  Department  of  the  Columbia: 

Vancouver  Barracks,  W.  T., 

April  20,1883. 
To  the  Assistant  Adjutant  General, 

Department  of  the  Columbia. 
Sir: 

***** 
A  sentinel  is  placed  as  guard  over  prisoners  to  prevent  their  escape, 
and  for  this  purpose  he  is  furnished  a  musket,  with  ammunition.    To 
prevent  escape  is  his  first  and  most  important  duty. 

*  *  *  *  * 


64  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

I  suppose  the  law  to  be  this:  That  a  sentinel  shall  not  use  more  force 
or  violence  to  prevent  the  escape  of  a  prisoner  than  is  necessary  to  effect 
that  object,  but  if  the  prisoner,  after  being  ordered  to  halt,  continues 
his  flight,  the  sentinel  may  maim  or  even  kill  him,  and  it  is  his  duty  to 
do  so. 

A  sentinel  who  allows  a  prisoner  to  escape  without  firing  upon  him 
and  firing  to  hit  him,  is,  in  my  judgment,  guilty  of  a  most  serious  military 
offense,  for  which  he  should  and  would  be  severely  punished  by  a  general 
court-martial. 

***** 
(Signed)  Henry  A.  Morrow, 

Colonel  21st  Infantry,  Commanding  Post. 

[Third  indorsement.] 

Office  Judge  Advocate, 
Military  Division  of  the  Pacific, 

May  11, 1888. 
Respectfully  returned  to  the  Assistant  Adjutant  General,  Military 
Division  of  the  Pacific,  concurring  fully  in  the  views  expressed  by  Colonel 
Morrow.  I  was  not  aware  that  such  a  view  had  ever  been  questioned. 
That  the  period  is  a  time  of  peace  does  not  affect  the  authority  and  duty 
of  the  sentinel  or  guard  to  fire  upon  the  escaping  prisoner,  if  this  escape 
can  not  otherwise  be  prevented.  He  should, of  course,  attempt  to  stop 
the  prisoner  before  firing,  by  ordering  him  to  halt,  and  will  properly 
warn  him  by  the  words,  "Halt,  or  I  fire,"  or  words  to  such  effect. 

W.  Winthrop, 
Judge  Advocate. 

[Fourth  indorsement.] 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific, 

May  11, 1883. 
Respectfully  returned  to  the  Commanding  General,  Department  of 
the  Columbia,  approving  the  opinion  of  the  commanding  officer,  Twenty- 
first  Infantry,  and  of  the  Judge  Advocate  of  the  Division,  in  respect  to 
the  du  ty  of  and  method  to  be  adopted  by  sentinels  in  preventing  prisoners  jf  : 
from  escaping. 

***** 
By  command  of  Major  General  Schofield: 

J.  C.  Kelton, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General. 
See  also  Circular  No.  53,  A.  G.  O.,  December  22, 1900. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  65 

306.  On  approaching  the  post  of  the  sentinel  at  the 
guardhouse,  a  sentinel  of  the  prisoner  guard  or  an  overseer 
in  charge  of  prisoners  will  halt  them  and  call,  "No.  1,  (so 
many  prisoners."  He  will  not  allow  them  to  cross  the 
post  of  the  sentinel  until  so  directed  by  the  corporal  of  the 
guard. 

307.  Members  of  the  prisoner  guard  and  overseers 
placed  over  prisoners  for  work  will  receive  specific  and 
explicit  instructions  covering  the  required  work ;  they  will 
be  held  strictly  responsible  that  the  prisoners  under  their 
charge  properly  and  satisfactorily  perform  the  designated 
work. 

STABLE  GUARDS. 

308.  Under  the  head  of  stable  guards  will  be  included 
guards  for  cavalry  stables,  artillery  stables  and  parks, 
mounted  infantry  stables,  machine-gun  organization  sta- 
bles and  parks  and  quartermaster  stables  and  parks. 
Where  the  words  "troop"  and  "cavalry"  are  used  they 
will  be  held  to  include  all  of  these  organizations. 

309.  When  troop  stable  guards  are  mounted  they  will 
guard  the  stables  of  the  cavalry  (see  par.  13).  When  no 
stable  guards  are  mounted,  the  stables  will  be  guarded  by 
sentinels  posted  from  the  main  guard,  under  the  control 
of  the  officer  of  the  day. 

The  instructions  given  for  troop  stable  guard  will  be 
observed  as  far  as  applicable  by  the  noncommissioned  offi- 
cers and  sentinels  of  the  main  guard  when  in  charge  of  the 
stables. 

TROOP  STABLE  GUARDS. 

310.  Troop  stable  guards  will  not  be  used  except  in  the 
field,  or  when  it  is  impracticable  to  guard  the  stables  by 
sentinels  from  the  main  guard. 

93592°— 17 5 


66  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

311.  Troop  stable  guards  will  be  under  the  immediate 
control  of  their  respective  troop  commanders;  they  will  be 
posted  in  each  cavalry  stable,  or  near  the  picket  line,  and 
will  consist  of  not  less  than  one  noncommissioned  officer 
and  ihree  privates. 

Stable  guards  are  for  the  protection  of  the  horses,  stables, 
forage,  equipments,  and  public  property  generally.  They 
will  in  addition  enforce  the  special  regulations  in  regard  to 
stables,  horses,  and  parks. 

312.  Sentinels  of  stable  guards  will  be  posted  at  the  sta- 
bles or  at  the  picket  lines  when  the  horses  are  kept  outside. 
The  troop  stable  guard  may  be  used  as  a  herd  guard  during 
the  day  time  or  when  grazing  is  practicable. 

313.  The  troop  stable  guard,  when  authorized  by  the 
post  commander,  will  be  mounted  under  the  supervision 
of  the  troop  commander.  It  will  be  armed,  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  troop  commander,  with  either  rifle  or  pistol. 

314.  The  tour  continues  for  24  hours,  or  until  the  guard 
is  relieved  by  a  new  guard. 

315.  The  employment  of  stable  guards  for  police  and 
fatigue  duties  at  the  stables  is  forbidden;  but  this  will  not 
prohibit  them  from  being  required  to  assist  in  feeding 
grain  before  reveille. 

316.  The  troop  stable  guard  will  attend  stables  with  the 
rest  of  the  troop  and  groom  their  own  horses,  the  sentinels 
being  taken  off  post  for  the  purpose. 

317.  Neither  the  noncommissioned  officer  nor  the  mem- 
bers of  the  stable  guard  will  absent  themselves  from  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the  stables  except  in  case  of  urgent 
cessity,  and  then  for  no  longer  time  than  is  absolutely 
necessary.  No  member  of  the  guard  will  leave  for  any  pur- 
pose without  the  authority  of  the  noncommissioned  officer 
cithe  guard. 

318.  The  noncommissioned  officer  and  one  member  of 
the  stable  guard  will  go  for  meals  at  the  proper  hour;  upon 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  67 

their  return  the  other  members  of  the  guard  will  be  directed 
to  go  by  the  noncommissioned  officer. 

319.  When  the  horses  are  herded  each  troop  will  furnish 
its  own  herd  guard.     (Par.  14.) 

320.  Smoking  in  the  stables  or  their  immediate  vicinity 
is  prohibited.  No  fire  or  light,  other  than  electric  light  or 
stable  lanterns,  will  be  permitted  in  the  stables.  A  special 
place  will  be  designated  for  trimming,  filling,  and  lighting 
lanterns. 

NONCOMMISSIONED  OFFICER  OF  THE  TROOP  STABLE 
GUARD. 

321.  The  noncommissioned  officer  receives  his  orders 
from  his  troop  commander,  to  whom  he  will  report  im- 
mediately after  posting  his  first  relief,  and  when  Relieved 
will  turn  over  all  his  orders  to  his  successor.  He  instructs 
his  sentinels  in.  their  general  and  special  duties;  exercises 
general  supervision  over  his  entire  guard;  exacts  order 
and  cleanliness  about  the  guardroom;  prevents  the  intro- 
duction of  intoxicants  into  the  guardhouse  and  stables; 
receives,  by  count,  from  his  predecessor,  the  animals,  horse 
equipments,  and  all  property  (both  private  and  public) 
pertaining  thereto;  examines,  before  relieving  his  prede- 
cessor, all  locks,  windows,  and  doors,  and  should  any  be 
found  insecure  he  will  report  the  fact  to  his  troop  com- 
mander when  he  reports  for  orders.  He  will  personally 
post  and  relieve  each  sentinel,  taking  care  to  verify  the 
property  responsibility  of  the  sentinel  who  comes  off  post, 
and  see  that  the  sentinel  who  goes  on  post  is  aware  of  the 
property  responsibility  that  he  assumes. 

322.  That  the  noncommissioned  officer  may  be  more 
thoroughly  informed  of  his  responsibility,  all  horses  return- 
ing, except  those  from  a  regular  formation,  will  be  reported 
to  him.    He  will  then  notify  the  sentinel  on  post,  and, 


68  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

in  the  absence  of  the  stable  sergeant,  will  see  that  the 
horses  are  promptly  cared  for. 

In  case  of  abuse,  he  will  promptly  report  to  the  troop 
commander.  Should  the  horse  be  the  private  property  of 
an  officer,  he  will  report  such  abuse  to  the  owner. 

323.  The  noncommissioned  officer  will  report  any 
unusual  occurrence  during  his  tour  direct  to  his  troop 
commander. 

324.  Horses  and  other  property  for  which  the  noncom- 
missioned officer  is  responsible  will  not  be  taken  from  the 
stables  without  the  authority  of  the  post  or  troop  com- 
mander. 

325.  The  noncommissioned  officer  must  answer  the  sen- 
tinel's calls  promptly. 

326.  In  case  of  fire,  the  noncommissioned  officer  will  see 
that  the  requirements  of  paragraph  334  are  promptly  car- 
ried out. 

327.  Whenever  it  becomes  necessary  for  the  noncom- 
missioned officer  to  leave  his  guard,  he  will  designate  a 
member  of  it  to  take  charge  and  assume  his  responsibility 
during  his  absence. 

SENTINELS  OF  THE  TROOP  STABLE  GUARD. 

328.  The  sentinel  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  will  be 
governed  by  the  regulations  for  sentinels  of  the  main  guard 
whenever  they  are  applicable — such  as  courtesies  to  officers, 
walking  post  in  a  soldierly  manner,  challenging,  etc.;  he 
will  not  turn  out  the  guard  except  when  ordered  by  proper 
authority. 

329.  The  sentinel  will  receive  orders  from,  the  com- 
manding officer,  the  troop  commander,  and  the  noncom- 
missioned officers  of  the  stable  guard  only,  except  when  the 
commanding  officer  directs  the  officer  of  the  day  to  inspect 
the  stable  guard. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  69 

330.  In  the  field  and  elsewhere  when  directed  by  the 
commanding  officer  the  sentinel  when  posted  will  verify 
the  number  of  horses  for  which  he  is  responsible,  and  when 
relieved  will  give  the  number  to  his  successor. 

331.  The  sentinel  will  not  permit  any  horse  or  equip- 
ments to  be  taken  from  the  stables,  except  in  the  presence 
of  the  noncommissioned  officer. 

332.  Should  a  horse  get  loose,  the  sentinel  will  catch 
him  and  tie  him  up.  If  he  be  unable  to  catch  the  horse, 
the  noncommissioned  officer  will  at  once  be  notified.  In 
case  a  horse  be  cast,  or  in  any  way  entangled,  he  will 
relieve  him,  if  possible;  if  unable  to  relieve  him,  he  will 
call  the  noncommissioned  officer.  Sentinels  are  forbidden 
to  punish  or  maltreat  a  horse. 

333.  When  a  horse  is  taken  sick,  the  sentinel  will  notify 
the  noncommissioned  officer,  who  in  turn  will  call  the 
farrier,  and  see  that  the  horse  is  properly  attended  to. 

334.  In  case  of  fire  the  sentinel  will  give  the  alarm  by 
stepping  outside  the  stable  and  firing  his  pistol  or  piece 
repeatedly,  and  calling  out  at  the  same  time,  "Fire, 
stables,  Troop  (— )." 

As  soon  as  the  guard  is  alarmed,  he  will  take  the  necessary 
precautions  in  opening  or  closing  the  doors  so  as  to  prevent 
the  spreading  of  the  fire  and  make  it  possible  to  remove  the 
horses;  he  will  drop  the  chains  and  bars,  and,  with  the 
other  members  of  the  guard,  proceed  to  lead  out  the  horses 
and  secure  them  at  the  picket  line  or  such  other  place  as 
may  have  been  previously  designated. 

335.  Sentinels  over  horses,  or  in  charge  of  prisoners, 
receive  orders  from  the  stable  sergeant,  so  far  as  the  care  of 
the  horses  and  the  labor  of  prisoners  are  concerned. 

336.  In  field  artillery  and  machine-gun  organizations, 
the  guard  for  the  stables  has  charge  of  the  guns,  caissons, 
etc.,  with  their  ammunition  and  stores,  as  well  as  the 
horses,  harness,  and  forage. 


70  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

FLAGS. 

337.  The  garrison,  post5>  and  storm  flags  are  national 
flags  and  shall  be  of  bunting.  The  union  of  each  is  as 
described  in  paragraph  216,  Army  Regulations,  and  shall 
be  of  the  following  proportions:  Width,  seven- thirteenths 
of  the  hoist  of  the  flag;  length,  seventy-six  one-hundredths 
of  the  hoist  of  the  flag. 

The  garrison  flag  will  have  38  feet  fly  and  20  feet  hoist. 
It  will  be  furnished  only  to  posts  designated  in  orders  from 
time  to  time  from  the  War  Department,  and  will  be  hoisted 
only  on  holidays  and  important  occasions. 

The  post  flag  will  have  19  feet  fly  and  10  feet  hoist.  It 
will  be  furnished  for  all  garrison  posts  and  will  be  hoisted 
in  pleasant  weather. 

The  storm  flag  will  have  9  feet  6  inches  fly  and  5  feet 
hoist.  It  will  be  furnished  for  all  occupied  posts  for  use 
in  stormy  and  windy  weather.  It  will  also  be  furnished 
to  national  cemeteries.     (A.  R.  223.) 

338.  At  every  military  post  or  station  the  flag  will  be 
hoisted  at  the  sounding  of  the  first  note  of  the  reveille,  or  of 
the  first  note  of  the  march,  if  a  march  be  played  before  the 
reveille.  The  flag  will  be  lowered  at  the  sounding  of  the 
last  note  of  the  retreat,  and  while  the  flag  is  being  lowered 
the  band  will  play  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner,"  or,  if 
there  be  no  band  present,  the  field  music  will  sound  "to 
the  color.''  When  "to  the  color"  is  sounded  by  the  field 
music  while  the  flag  is  being  lowered  the  same  respect  will 
be  observed  as  when  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner"  is 
played  by  the  band,  and  in  either  case  officers  and  enlisted 
men  out  of  ranks  will  face  toward  the  flag,  stand  at  atten- 
tion, and  render  the  prescribed  salute  at  the  last  note  of 
the  music.    (A.  R.  437.) 

The  lowering  of  the  flag  will  be  regulated  as  to  be  com- 
pleted at  the  last  note  of  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner"  or 
"to  the  color." 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  71 

339.  The  national  flag  will  be  displayed  at  a  seacoast 
or  lake  fort  at  the  beginning  of  and  during  an  action  in 
which  a  fort  may  be  engaged,  whether  by  day  or  by  night. 
(A.  R.  437.) 

340.  The  national  flag  will  always  be  displayed  at  the 
time  of  firing  a  salute.     (A.  R.  397.) 

3-41.  The  flag  of  a  military  post  will  not  be  dipped  by 
way  of  salute  or  compliment.     (A.  R.  405.) 

342.  On  the  death  of  an  officer  at  a  military  post  the 
flag  is  displayed  at  half-staff  and  so  remains,  between 
reveille  and  retreat,  until  the  last  salvo  or  volley  is  fired 
over  the  grave;  or  if  the  remains  are  not  interred  at  the 
post,  until  they  are  removed  therefrom.     (A.  R.  422.) 

343.  During  the  funeral  of  an  enlisted  man  at  a  military 
post  the  flag  is  displayed  at  half-staff.  It  is  hoisted  to  the 
top  after  the  final  volley  or  gun  is  fired  or  after  the  remains 
are  taken  from  the  post.  The  same  honors  are  paid  on  the 
occasion  of  the  funeral  of  a  retired  enlisted  man.  (A.  R. 
423.) 

344.  When  practicable,  a  detail  consisting  of  a  non- 
commissioned officer  and  two  privates  of  the  guard  will 
raise  or  lower  the  flag.  This  detail  wears  side  arms  or,  if 
the  special  equipments  do  not  include  side  arms,  then 
belts  only. 

The  noncommissioned  officer,  carrying  the  flag,  forms 
the  detail  in  line,  takes  his  post  in  the  center,  and  marches 
it  to  the  staff.  The  flag  is  then  securely  attached  to  the 
halyards  and  rapidly  hoisted.  The  halyards  are  then 
securely  fastened  to  the  cleat  on  the  staff  and  the  detail 
marched  to  the  guardhouse. 

345.  When  the  flag  is  to  be  lowered,  the  halyards  are 
loosened  from  the  staff  and  made  perfectly  free.  At  retreat 
the  flag  is  lowered  at  the  last  note  of  retreat.  It  is  then 
neatly  folded  and  the  halyards  made  fast.  The  detail  is 
then  reformed  and  marched  to  the  guardhouse,  where  the 
flag  is  turned  over  to  the  commander  of  the  guard. 


72  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR,  GUARD  DUTY. 

The  flag  should  never  be  allowed  to  touch  the  ground 
and  should  always  be  hoisted  or  lowered  from  the  leeward 
side  of  the  staff,  the  halyards  being  held  by  two  persons. 

REVEILLE  AND  RETREAT  GUN. 

346.  The  morning  and  evening  gun  will  be  fired  by  a 
detachment  of  the  guard,  consisting,  when  practicable,  of 
a  corporal  and  two  privates.  The  morning  gun  is  fired  at 
the  first  note  of  reveille,  or,  if  marches  be  played  before  the 
reveille,  it  is  fired  at  the  beginning  of  the  first  march.  The 
retreat  gun  is  fired  at  the  last  note  of  retreat. 

The  corporal  marches  the  detachment  to  and  from  the 
piece,  which  is  fired,  sponged  out,  and  secured  under  his 
direction. 

GUARD  MOUNTING. 

347.  Guard  mounting  will  be  formal  or  informal  as  the 
commanding  officer  may  direct.  It  will  be  held  as  pre- 
scribed in  the  drill  regulations  of  the  arm  of  the  service  to 
which  the  guard  belongs;  if  none  is  prescribed,  then  as  for 
infantry.  In  case  the  guard  is  composed  wholly  of 
mounted  organizations,  guard  mounting  may  be  held 
mounted. 

348.  When  infantry  and  mounted  troops  dismounted 
are  united  for  guard  mounting,  all  details  form  as  pre- 
scribed for  infantry. 

FORMAL  GUARD  MOUNTING  FOR  INFANTRY. 

349.  Formal  guard  mounting  will  ordinarily  be  held 
only  in  posts  or  camps  where  a  band  is  present. 

350.  At  the  assembly,  the  men  designated  for  the 
guard  fall  in  on  their  coinpany  parade  grounds  as  pre- 
scribed in  paragraph  106,  I.  D.  R.    The  first  sergeant  then 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  73 

verifies  the  detail,  inspects  it,  replaces  any  man  unfit  to  go- 
on guard,  turns  the  detail  over  to  the  senior  noncommis- 
sioned officer,  and  retires.  The  band  takes  its  place  on  the 
parade  ground  so  that  the  left  of  its  front  rank  shall  be 
12  paces  to  the  right  of  the  front  rank  of  the  guard  when  the 
latter  is  formed. 

351.  At  adjutant's  call,  the  adjutant,  dismounted, 
and  the  sergeant  major  on  his  left,  marches  to  the  parade 
ground.  The  adjutant  halts  and  takes  post  so  as  to  be 
12  paces  in  front  of  and  facing  the  center  of  the  guard 
when  formed;  the  sergeant  major  continues  on,  moves  by 
the  left  flank,  and  takes  post,  facing  to  the  left,  12  paces 
to  the  left  of  the  front  rank  of  the  band ;  the  band  plays  in 
quick  or  double  time;  the  details  are  marched  to  the 
parade  ground  by  the  senior  noncommissioned  officers; 
the  detail  that  arrives  first  is  marched  to  the  line  so  that, 
upon  halting,  the  breast  of  the  front-rank  man  shall  be 
near  to  and  opposite  the  left  arm  of  the  sergeant  major;  the 
commander  of  the  detail  halts  his  detail,  places  himself  in 
front  of  and  facing  the  sergeant  major,  at  a  distance  equal 
to  or  a  little  greater  than  the  front  of  his  detail,  and  com- 
mands: 1.  Right,  2.  DRESS.  The  detail  dresses  up  to 
the  line  of  the  sergeant  major  and  its  commander,  the  right 
front-rank  man  placing  his  breast  against  the  left  arm  of 
the  sergeant  major;  the  noncommissioned  officers  take  post 
two  paces  in  rear  of  the  rear  rank  of  the  detail.  The  detail 
aligned,  the  commander  of  the  detail  commands:  FRONT, 
salutes,  and  then  reports:  "The  detail  is  correct;"  or 
"(So  many)  sergeants,  corporals,  or  privates  are 
absent;''  the  sergeant  major  returns  the  salute  with  the 
right  hand  after  the  report  is  made;  the  commander  then 
passes  by  the  right  of  the  guard  and  takes  post  in  the  line 
of  noncommissioned  officers  in  rear  of  the  right  file  or  his 
detail. 


74  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

Should  there  be  more  than  one  detail,  it  is  formed  in 
like  manner  on  the  left  of  the  one  preceding;  the  privates, 
noncommissioned  officers,  and  commander  of  each  detail 
dress  on  those  of  the  preceding  details  in  the  same  rank 
or  line;  each  detail  commander  closes  the  rear  rank  to  the 
agat  and  fills  blank  files,  as  far  as  practicable,  with  the 
men  i'rom  his  front  rank. 

Shculd  the  guard  from  a  company  not  include  a  non- 
commissioned officer,  one  will  be  detailed  to  perform  the 
duties  of  commander  of  the  detail.  In  this  case  the  com- 
mander of  the  detail,  after  reporting  to  the  sergeant  major, 
passes  around  the  right  flank  between  the  guard  and  the 
band  and  retires. 

352.  When  the  last  detail  has  formed,  the  sergeant  major 
takes  a  side  step  to  the  right,  draws  sword,  verifies  the 
detail,  takes  post  two  paces  to  the  right  and  two  paces  to 
the  front  of  the  guard,  facing  to  the  left,  causes  the  guard 
to  count  off,  completes  the  left  squad,  if  necessary,  as  in 
the  school  of  the  company,  and  if  there  be  more  than  three 
squads,  divides  the  guard  into  two  platoons,  again  takes 
post  as  described  above  and  commands:  1.  Open  ranks, 
2.  MARCH. 

At  the  command  march,  the  rear  rank  and  file  closers 
march  backward  four  steps,  halt,  and  dress  to  the  right. 
The  sergeant  major  aligns  the  ranks  and  file  closers  and 
again,  taking  post  as  described  above,  commands:  FRONT, 
moves  parallel  to  the  front  rank  until  opposite  the  center, 
turns  to  the  right,  halts  midway  to  the  adjutant,  salutes, 
and  reports:  "Sir,  the  details  are  correct;"  or,  "Sir, 
(so  many)  sergeants,  corporals,  or  privates  are 
absent;"  the  adjutant  returns  the  salute,  directs  the 
sergeant  major:  Take  your  post,  and  then  draws  saber; 
the  sergeant  major  faces  about,  approaches  to  within  two 
paces  of  the  center  of  the  front  rank,  turns  to  the  right, 
moves  three  paces  beyond  the  left  of  the  front  rank,  turns 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  75 

to  the  left,  halts  on  the  line  of  the  front  rank,  faces  about, 
and  brings  his  sword  to  the  order.  When  the  sergeant 
major  has  reported,  the  officer  of  the  guard  takes  post, 
facing  to  the  front,  three  paces  in  front  of  the  center  of  the 
guard,  and  draws  saber. 

The  adjutant  then  commands:  1.  Officer  (or  officers) 
and  noncommissioned  officers,  2.  Front  and  center, 
3.  MARCH. 

At  the  command  center,  the  officers  carry  saber.  At 
the  command  march,  the  officer  advances  and  halts  three 
paces  from  the  adjutant,  remaining  at  the  carry;  the  non- 
commissioned officers  pass  by  the  flanks,  along  the  front, 
and  form  in  order  of  rank  from  right  to  left,  three  paces  in 
rear  of  the  officer,  remaining  at  the  right  shoulder;  if  there 
is  no  officer  of  the  guard  the  noncommissioned  officers  halt 
on  a  line  three  paces  from  the  adjutant;  the  adjutant  then 
assigns  the  officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  according 
to  rank,  as  follows:  Commander  of  the  guard,  leader 
of  first  platoon,  leader  of  second  platoon,  right  guide 
of  first  platoon,  left  guide  of  second  platoon,  left 
guide  of  first  platoon,  right  guide  of  second  platoon, 
and  file  closers,  or,  if  the  guard  is  not  divided  into  pla- 
toons: Commander  of  the  guard,  right  guide,  left 
guide,  and  file  closers. 

The  adjutant  then  commands:  1.  Officer  (or  officers) 
and  noncommissioned  officers,  2.  POSTS,  3.  MARCH. 

At  the  command  posts,  all,  except  the  officer  com- 
manding the  guard,  face  about.  At  the  command  march, 
they  take  the  posts  prescribed  in  the  school  of  the  com- 
pany with  open  ranks.  The  adjutant  directs:  Inspect 
your  guard,  sir;  at  which  the  officer  commanding  the 
guard  faces  about,  commands:  Prepare  for  inspection, 
returns  saber,  and  inspects  the  guard. 

During  the  inspection,  the  band  plays;  the  adjutant 
returns  saber,  observes  the  general  condition  of  the  guard, 


76  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

and  falls  out  any  man  who  is  unfit  for  guard  duty  or  does 
not  present  a  creditable  appearance.  Substitutes  will 
report  to  the  commander  of  the  guard  at  the  guardhouse. 

353.  The  adjutant,  when  so  directed,  selects  orderlies 
and  color  sentinels,  as  prescribed  in  paragraphs  140  and 
141,  and  notifies  the  commander  of  the  guard  of  his 
selection. 

354.  If  there  be  a  junior  officer  of  the  guard  he  takes 
post  at  the  same  time  as  the  senior,  facing  to  the  front, 
3  paces  in  front  of  the  center  of  the  first  platoon;  in  going 
to  the  front  and  center  he  follows  and  takes  position  on  the 
left  of  the  senior  and  is  assigned  as  leader  of  the  first  pla- 
toon; hemay  be  directed  by  the  commander  of  the  guard 
to  assist  in  inspecting  the  guard. 

If  there  be  no  officer  of  the  guard,  the  adjutant  inspects 
the  guard.  A  noncommissioned  officer  commanding  the 
guard  takes  post  on  the  right  of  the  right  guide,  when  the 
guard  is  in  line;  and  takes  the  post  of  the  officer  of  the 
guard,  when  in  column  or  passing  in  review. 

355.  The  inspection  ended,  the  adjutant  places  himself 
about  30  paces  in  front  of  and  facing  the  center  of  the  guard, 
and  draws  saber;  the  new  officer  of  the  day  takes  post  in 
front  of  and  facing  the  guard,  about  30  paces  from  the  ad- 
jutant; the  old  officer  of  the  day  takes  post  3  paces  to  the 
right  of  and  1  pace  to  the  rear  of  the  new  officer  of  the  day; 
the  officer  of  the  guard  takes  post  3  paces  in  front  of  its 
center,  draws  saber  with  the  adjutant  and  comes  to  the 
order;  thereafter  he  takes  the  same  relative  positions  as  a 
captain  of  a  company. 

The  adjutant  then  commands:  1.  Parade,  2.  REST, 
3.  SOUND  OFF,  and  comes  to  the  order  and  parade 
rest. 

The  band,  playing,  passes  in  front  of  the  officer  of  the 
guard  to  the  left  of  the  line,  and  back  to  its  post  on  the 
right,  when  it  ceases  playing. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  77 

The  adjutant  then  comes  to  attention,  carries  saber,  and 
commands:  1.  Guard,  2.  ATTENTION,  3.  Close  ranks, 
4.  MARCH. 

The  ranks  are  opened  and  closed  as  in  paragraph  745, 

1.  D.  R. 

The  adjutant  then  commands:  1.  Present,  2  ARMS, 
faces  toward  the  new  officer  of  the  day,  salutes,  and  then 
reports:  Sir,  the  guard  is  formed.  The  new  officer  of 
the  day,  after  the  adjutant  has  reported,  returns  the  salute 
with  the  hand  and  directs  the  adjutant:  March  the  guard 
in  review,  sir. 

The  adjutant  carries  saber,  faces  about,  brings  the  guard 
to  an  order,  and  commands:  1.  At  trail,  platoons  (or 
guard)  right,  2.  MARCH,  3.  Guard,  4.  HALT. 

The  platoons  execute  the  movement;  the  band  turns  to 
the  right  and  places  itself  12  paces  in  front  of  the  first 
platoon. 

The  adjutant  places  himself  6  paces  from  the  flank  and 
abreast  of  the  commander  of  the  guard;  the  sergeant 
major,  6  paces  from  the  left  flank  of  the  second  platoon. 

The  adjutant  then  commands:    1.    Pass   in   review, 

2.  FORWARD,  3.  MARCH. 

The  guard  marches  in  quick  time  past  the  officer  of  the 
day,  according  to  the  principles  of  review,  and  is  brought 
to  eyes  right  at  the  proper  time  by  the  commander  of  the 
guard;  the  adjutant,  commander  of  the  guard,  leaders  of 
platoons,  sergeant  major,  and  drum  major  salute. 

The  band,  having  passed  the  officer  of  the  day,  turns  to 
the  left  out  of  the  column,  places  itself  opposite  and  facing 
him,  and  continues  to  play  until  the  guard  leaves  the 
parade  ground.  The  field  music  detaches  itself  from  the 
band  when  the  latter  turns  out  of  the  column,  and,  remain- 
ing in  front. of  the  guard,  commences  to  play  when  the 
band  ceases. 


78  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR,  GUARD  DUTY. 

Having  passed  12  paces  beyond  the  officer  of  the  day, 
the  adjutant  halts;  the  sergeant  major  halts  abreast  of  the 
adjutant  and  1  pace  to  his  left;  they  then  return  saber, 
salute,  and  retire;  the  commander  of  the  guard  then  com- 
mands: 1.  Platoons,  right  by  squads,  2.  MARCH,  and 
marches  the  guard  to  its  post. 

The  officers  of  the  day  face  toward  each  other  and  salute; 
the  old  officer  of  the  day  turns  over  the  orders  to  the  new 
officer  of  the  day. 

While  the  band  is  sounding  off,  and  while  the  guard  is 
marching  in  review,  the  officers  of  the  day  stand  at  parade 
rest  with  arms  folded.  They  take  this  position  when  the 
adjutant  comes  to  parade  res!:,  resume  the  attention  with 
him,  again  take  the  parade  rest  at  the  first  note  of  the 
march  in  review,  and  resume  attention  as  the  head  of  the 
column  approaches. 

The  new  officer  of  the  day  returns  the  salute  of  the  com- 
mander of  the  guard  and  the  adjutant,  making  one  salute 
with  the  hand. 

356.  If  the  guard  be  not  divided  into  platoons,  the  adju- 
tant commands:  1.  At  trail,  guard  right,  2.  MARCH, 
3.  Guard,  4,  HALT,  and  it  passes  in  review  as  above;  the 
commander  of  the  guard  is  3  paces  in  front  of  its  center; 
the  adjutant  places  himself  6  paces  from  the  left  flank  and 
abreast  of  the  commander  of  the  guard ;  the  sergeant  covers 
the  adjutant  on  a  line  with  the  front  rank. 

INFORMAL  GUARD  MOUNTING  FOR  INFANTRY. 

357.  Informal  guard  mounting  will  be  held  on  the 
parade  ground  of  the  organization  from  which  the  guard  is 
detailed.  If  it  is  detailed  from  more  than  one  organiza- 
tion, then  at  such  place  as  the  commanding  officer  may 
direct. 

358.  At  assembly,  the  detail  for  guard  falls  in  on  the 
company  parade  ground.     The  first  sergeant  verifies  the 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  79 

detail,  inspects  their  dress  and  general  appearance, -and 
replaces  any  man  unfit  to  march  on  guard.  He  then  turns 
the  detail  over  to  the  commander  of  the  guard  and  retires. 

359.  At  adjutant's  call,  the  officer  of  the  day  takes 
his  place  15  paces  in  front  of  the  center  of  the  guard  and 
commands:  1.  Officer  (or  officers)  and  noncommis- 
sioned officers,  2.  Front  and  center,  3.  MARCH; 
whereupon  the  officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  take 
their  positions,  are  assigned  and  sent  to  their  posts  as  pre- 
scribed in  formal  guard  mounting.     (Par.  352.) 

The  officer  of  the  day  will  then  inspect  the  guard  with 
especial  reference  for  its  fitness  for  the  duty  for  which  it  is 
detailed,  and  will  select  as  prescribed  in  paragraphs  140 
and  141,  the  necessary  orderlies  and  color  sentinels.  The 
men  found  unfit  for  guard  will  be  returned  to  quarters  and 
will  be  replaced  by  others  found  to  be  suitable,  if  available 
in  the  company.  If  none  are  available  in  the  company, 
the  fact,  will  be  reported  to  the  adjutant  immediately  after 
guard  mounting. 

When  the  inspection  shall  have  been  completed,  the 
officer  of  the  day  resumes  his  position  and  directs  the  com- 
mander of  the  guard  to  march  the  guard  to  its  post. 

RELIEVING  THE  OLD  GUARD. 

360.  As  the  new  guard  approaches  the  guardhouse,  the 
old  guard  is  formed  in  line,  with  its  field  music  3  paces  to 
its  right;  and  when  the  field  music  at  the  head  of  the  new 
guard  arrives  opposite  its  left,  the  commander  of  the  new 
guard  commands:  1.  Eyes,  2.  RIGHT;  the  commander  of 
the  old  guard  commands:  1.  Present,  2.  ARMS;  com- 
manders of  both  guards  salute.  The  new  guard  marches 
in  quick  time  past  the  old  guard. 

When  the  commander  of  the  new  guard  is  opposite  the 
field  music  of  the  old  guard,  he  commands:  FRONT;  the 


80         LIANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

commander  of  the  old  guard  commands:  1.  Order,  2. 
ARMS,  as  soon  as  the  new  guard  shall  have  cleared  the 
old  guard. 

The  field  music  having  marched  3  paces  beyond  the 
field  music  of  the  old  guard,  changes  direction  to  the  right, 
and,  followed  by  the  guard,  changes  direction  to  the  left 
when  on  a  line  with  the  old  guard;  the  changes  of  direction 
are  without  command.  The  commander  of  the  guard  halts 
on  the  line  of  the  front  rank  of  the  old  guard,  allows  his 
guard  to  march  past  him,  and  when  its  rear  approaches 
forms  it  in  line  to  the  left,  establishes  the  left  guide  3  paces 
to  the  right  of  the  field  music  of  the  old  guard,  and  on  a 
line  with  the  front  rank,  and  then  dresses  his  guard  to  the 
left;  the  field  music  of  the  new  guard  is  3  paces  to  the  right 
of  its  front  rank. 

361.  The  new  guard  being  dressed,  the  commander  of 
each  guard,  in  front  of  and  facing  its  center,  commands: 
1.  Present,  2.  ARMS,  resumes  his  front,  salutes,  carries 
saber,  faces  his  guard  and  commands:  1.  Order,  2.  ARMS. 

Should  a  guard  be  commanded  by  a  noncommissioned 
officer,  he  stands  on  the  right  or  left  of  the  front  rank,  ac- 
cording as  he  commands  the  old  or  new  guard,  and  exe- 
cutes the  rifle  salute. 

362.  After  the  new  guard  arrives  at  its  post,  and  has 
saluted  the  old  guard,  each  guard  is  presented  by  its  com- 
mander to  its  officer  of  the  day;  if  there  be  but  one  officer 
of  the  day  present,  or  if  one  officer  acts  in  the  capacity  of 
old  and  new  officer  of  the  day,  each  guard  is  presented  to 
him  by  its  commander. 

363.  If  other  persons  entitled  to  a  salute  approach,  each 
commander  of  the  guard  will  bring  his  own  guard  to  atten- 
tion if  not  already  at  attention.  The  senior  commander 
of  the  two  guards  will  then  command  "1.  Old  and  new 
guards,  2.  Present,  3.  ARMS." 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY,  81 

The  junior  will  salute  at  the  command  "Present  Arms" 
given  by  the  senior^  After  the  salute  has  been  acknowl- 
edged, the  senior  brings  both  guards  to  the  order. 

364.  After  the  salutes  have  been  acknowledged  by  the 
officers  of  the  day,  each  guard  is  brought  to  an  order  by  its 
commander;  the  commander  of  the  new  guard  then  directs 
the  orderly  or  orderlies  to  fall  out  and  report,  and  causes 
bayonets  to  be  fixed  if  so  ordered  by  the  commanding 
officer;  bayonets  will  not  then  be  unfixed  during  the  tour 
except  in  route  marches  while  the  guard  is  actually  march- 
ing, or  when  specially  directed  by  the  commanding  officer. 

The  commander  of  the  new  guard  then  falls  out  members 
of  the  guard  for  detached  posts,  placing  them  under  charge 
of  the  proper  noncommissioned  officers,  divides  the  guard 
into  three  reliefs,  first,  second,  and  third,  from  right  to 
left,  and  directs  a  list  of  the  guard  to  be  made  by  reliefs. 
When  the  guard  consists  of  troops  of  different  arms  com- 
bined, the  men  are  assigned  to  reliefs  so  as  to  insure  a  fair 
division  of  duty,  under  rules  prescribed  by  the  command- 
ing officer. 

365.  The  sentinels  and  detachments  of  the  old  guard 
are  at  once  relieved  by  members  of  the  new  guard ;  the  two 
guards  standing  at  ease  or  at  rest  while  these  changes  are 
being  made.  The  commander  of  the  old  transmits  to  the 
commander  of  the  new  guard  all  his  orders,  instructions, 
and  information  concerning  the  guard  and  its  duties.  The 
commander  of  the  new  guard  then  takes  possession  of  the 
guardhouse  and  verifies  the  articles  in  charge  of  the  guard. 

366.  If  considerable  time  is  required  to  bring  in  that 
portion  of  the  old  guard  still  on  post,  the  commanding 
officer  may  direct  that  as  soon  as  the  orders  and  property 
are  turned  over  to  the  new  guard,  the  portion  of  the  old 
guard  at  the  guardhouse  may  be  marched  off  and  dis- 
missed.    In  such  a  case,  the  remaining  detachment  or 

93592°— 17 6 


82 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 


detachments  of  the  old  guard  will  be  inspected  by  the 
commander  of  the  new  guard  when  they  reach  the  guard- 
house. He  will  direct  the  senior  noncommissioned  officer 
present  to  march  these  detachments  off  and  dismiss  them 
in  the  prescribed  manner. 

367.  In  bad  weather,  at  night,  after  long  marches,  or 
when  the  guard  is  very  small,  the  field  music  may  be  dis- 
pensed with. 


Appendix  A, 

When  the  guard  for  the  day  is  supplied  by  more  than  one 
organization,  the  details  due  from  the  several  companies 
will  be  determined  as  follows:  Take  the  number  of  pri- 
vates for  duty  in  each  company  from  its  morning  report 
for  the  day  next  preceding  that  on  which  the  tour  of  duty 
is  to  commence,  deducting  details  for  detached  service  of 
over  24  hours,  made  after  the  morning  report  has  been  re- 
ceived ;  the  total  of  these  gives  the  total  number  of  privates 
available.  Then:  The  total  strength  is  to  the  strength  of 
a  company  as  the  total  detail  is  to  the  detail  from  the  com- 
pany. Multiply  ^  the  total  detail  by  the  strength  of  the 
company,  and  divide  the  result  by  total  strength;  carry 
out  to  two  places  of  decimals,  disregarding  all  smalie: 
fractions.     This  rule  is  applied  for  each  company. 

The  whole  numbers  in  the  results  thus  obtained  are 
added  together,  and  if  the  total  is  less  than  the  total  detail 
required  add  one  to  the  whole  number  in  the  result  that 
has  the  largest  fraction,  and  so  on  for  each  company  till  the 
required  total  is  obtained. 

There  will  thus  be  a  difference  between  the  exact  pro- 
portion and  the  number  detailed  from  each  company;  this 
difference  is  entered  in  the  credit  column  and  the  next 
day  is  carried  forward  and  added  or  subtracted  from  the 
first  proportion. 

83 


84  MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

FIRST  DAY. 


GflgcQ 

A 

>> 

g 

ft 

a 

o 

1 

rivates  for 
required,  : 
ing  3  for 
guard. 

9 

2 

O 

| 

I 
o 

"oa 

•3 

O 

s 

ft 

&H 

ft 

A 

o 

A 

25  X 

14     - 

-  100 

_ 

-2.18 

+  2 

-.18 

B 

24  X 

14     - 

-  160 

= 

-2.10 

+  2 

-.10 

C 

30  X 

14     - 

-  160 

= 

-2.62 

+  3 

+  .38 

D 

22  X 

14     - 

-  160 

= 

+  1.92 

+  2 

+.08 

E 

22  X 

14     - 

-  160 

= 

+  1.92 

+  2 

+  .08 

F  (Cav 

.)  37  X 
160 

14     - 

-  160 

-3.23 

+*3 
14 

-.23 

11 

*  Troop  F  furnishes  3  stable  and  no  other  guard. 

Note. — The  proportion  due  from  a  company  is  always  given  a  minus 
sign  and  the  detail  furnished  given  a  plus  sign. 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  85 

SECOND   DAY. 


1 

i 

§"2 

i 

o 

6  8£n>c 

e 
ti 

c 

X2   > 

o 

J         IS 

H 

o 

^  t  h.a  to    -g 

.1 

-3 

2 

I 

etai 

O 

c<2    Ph 

H 

s 

o 

Ph 

fl         Q 

A 

27  X  14  - 

-  160  = 

-2.36 

-.18 

—2.54 

+  2  -.54 

B 

23  X  14  - 

-  160  = 

-2.01 

-.10 

-2.11 

+  2  -.11 

C 

28  X  14  - 

-  160  = 

-2. 45 

+  .38 

-2.07 

+  2  -.07 

D 

23  X  14  - 

-  160  = 

-2.01 

+  .08 

-1.93 

+  2  +.07 

E 

21  X  14  - 

-  160  = 

-1.83 

+  .08 

-1.75 

+  2  +.25 

F  (Cav. 

)    38  X  14  - 
1G0 

-  160  = 

-3.32 

-.23 

-3. 55 

+*4  +.45 
14 

11 

*  Troop  F  furnishes  3  stable  and  1  main  guard. 

The  number  of  sergeants,  corporals,  and  musicians  will 
be  determined  in  like  manner. 
A  convenient  form  for  the  roster  is  as  follows. 


86 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 


Roster  I.— Privates. 
Enlisted  strength  of  guard,  14  privates. 


A  Company : 

Strength 

First  proportion . . 

Final  proportion  . 

Detail 

Credits 

B  Company: 

Strength 

First  proportion . 

Final  proportion . 

Detail 

Credits 

C  Company: 

Strength 

First  proportion.. 

Final  proportion . 

Detail 

Credits 

D  Company: 

Strength 

First  proportion  . 

Final  proportion  . 

Detail 

Credits 

E  Company: 

Strength 

First  proportion  . 

Final  proportion  . 

Detail 

Credits 

F  Troop: 

Strength 

First  proportion  . 

Final  proportion 

Detail 

Credits 


Guard  required. 


Jan.  1, 
14. 


25 

-2.18 


+2 
-  .18 


24 
-2.10 


+2 


30 

-2.62 


.  38 


22 
-1.92 


+2 
+  . 


22 
-1.92 


+  2 
+  .08 


37 

-3.23 


+3 


Jan.  2, 
14. 


27 

-2.36 
-2.54 
+2 

-  .54 

23 
-2.01 
-2.11 
+2 

-  .11 

28 
-2.45 
-2.07 
+2 

-  .07 

23 

-2.01 
-1.93 

+2 
+  .07 

21 
-1.84 
-1.7G 
+2 
+  .24 

38 
-3.32 
—3.55 
+4 
+  .45 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY.  87 

Appendix  B. 

When  details  for  guard  and  fatigue  are  made  as  prescribed 
in  paragraph  11,  no  account  will  be  taken  of  very  small  dis- 
proportions in  the  strength  of  companies. 

When  the  disproportion  is  considerable  a  roster  will  be 
kept  by  the  sergeant  major  under  the  supervision  of  the 
adjutant  as  follows:  In  accordance  with  the  method  ex- 
plained in  Appendix  A,  determine  the  proportion  of  pri- 
vates each  company  would  be  required  to  furnish. 

In  the  credit  column,  charge  each  company,  except  the 
one  furnishing  the  guard,  with  this  proportion,  i.  e.,  with 
the  number  of  men  it  was  due  to  furnish  but  did  not 
furnish.  Enter  this  number  or  proportion  with  a  minus 
sign. 

•  Then  credit  the  company  furnishing  the  guard  with  the 
number  of  men  furnished,  less  the  proportron  it  was  due 
to  furnish.  The  diffarence  is  the  number  of  men  it  fur- 
nished in  excess,  and  is  entered  in  the  credit  column  with 
a  plus  sign. 

Whether  the  same  or  different  companies  furnish  the 
guard  on  consecutive  days,  the  debits  and  credits  will  be 
determined  for  each  day  and  added  algebraically  to  the 
credit  or  debit  brought  forward  from  the  preceding  day. 
The  result  will  then  be  entered  in  the  credit  column  for 
the  day. 

When  a  new  company  is  to  relieve  the  one  furnishing  the 
guard,  that  one  will  ordinarily  be  detailed  which  has  ths 
largest  minus  number  in  the  credit  column. 

The  following  table  indicates  the  form  of  the  roster. 

The  order  in  which  companies  are  shown  in  this  table  as 
furnishing  the  guard  has  no  especial  significance,  as  many 
reasons  may  enter  into  the  determination  of  this  matter. 


SB 


MANUAL  OF  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 


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